Iibhetri zeLithium ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ukunika amandla yonke into ukusuka kwii-smartphones kunye neelaptops ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo.Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kwazo kunye neenzuzo ezininzi, iibhetri ze-lithium nazo zijongene nemingeni.Omnye wemiba emikhulu ngeebhetri ze-lithium bubomi babo obulinganiselweyo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko.
Imiba yobomi bebhetri ixhalabisa kakhulu kubathengi abaninzi kunye namashishini axhomekeke kwiibhetri ze-lithium.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iibhetri ze-lithium ziyancipha kwaye zilahlekelwe amandla abo okuhlawula, okubangela ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwaye ekugqibeleni imfuno yokutshintshwa.Obu bomi benkonzo bunyiniweyo abunyusi nje kuphela iindleko zobunini, kodwa bukwanyusa inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo enxulumene nokulahlwa kwebhetri kunye nokurisayikilisha.
Ukuthotywa kweebhetri ze-lithium kubangelwa ikakhulu kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukubunjwa komgangatho oqinileyo we-electrolyte interface (SEI), ukuthotywa kwezinto ze-electrode, kunye nokukhula kwe-dendrite.Ezi nkqubo zenzeka ngexesha lokutshaja kwebhetri kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha, ebangela ukuba umthamo wayo kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kunciphe ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngenxa yoko, ixesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo somsebenzisi okanye isithuthi sinokuncitshiswa, sifune ukutshaja rhoqo okanye ukutshintshwa.
Ukongeza kwimiba yobomi, imiba yokhuseleko enxulumene neebhetri ze-lithium iye yatsala ingqalelo ngokubanzi.Ubuninzi bamandla obuninzi beebhetri ze-lithium ngenye yeenzuzo zabo eziphambili, kodwa kunokubeka umngcipheko wokubaleka kwe-thermal kunye nomlilo ukuba ibhetri yonakaliswe, ihlawuliswe kakhulu okanye ibonakaliswe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu.Iziganeko zomlilo webhetri ye-lithium kwi-electronics yabathengi, izithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ziye zaphakamisa ulwazi malunga neengozi ezinokubakho kunye nesidingo sokuphucula amanyathelo okhuseleko.
Ukujongana nale mingeni, abaphandi kunye nabavelisi basebenza ngenkuthalo ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium ephuculweyo ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo kunye neempawu zokhuseleko.Enye indlela ibandakanya ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ze-electrode kunye ne-electrolytes ezinokunciphisa inkqubo yokuthotywa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nobomi beebhetri ze-lithium.Ukongezelela, ukuqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo zokulawula ibhetri kunye neteknoloji yokulawula ukushisa iphunyezwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-thermal runaway kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium.
Enye indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kuphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo, ezisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo ukuthatha indawo ye-electrolyte engamanzi kwiibhetri zelithium-ion zemveli.Ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kokutsha kunye nozinzo olongeziweyo, iibhetri ezikwisimo esiqinileyo ziyakwazi ukunika amandla aphezulu oxinaniso, ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo.Ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo zisekwinqanaba lophando kunye nophuhliso, zibambe isithembiso sokusombulula imida yeteknoloji yebhetri yelithium yangoku.
Ukongezelela, iinzame ziyaqhubeka ukuphucula ukuzinza kweebhetri ze-lithium, kugxininise ekuphuculeni ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kwezinto zebhetri.Inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ijolise ekubuyiseleni iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel kwiibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwizinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa unyawo lokusingqongileyo kwimveliso yebhetri kunye nokulahlwa.Ukongeza, ukuqhubela phambili kuyilo lwebhetri kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso kuyalandelwa ukudala ibhetri ye-lithium ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcina izixhobo.
Kwindawo yezithuthi zombane, umzi-mveliso we-auto utyala imali kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yebhetri ukwandisa uluhlu lokuqhuba, ukunciphisa amaxesha okutshaja kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kukonke kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.Ezi nzame zibalulekile ekukhawuleziseni ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokujongana nemiba enxulumene noluhlu lokuxhalaba kunye nokunciphisa ibhetri, ekugqibeleni ukwenza izithuthi zombane zifikeleleke kwaye zizinzileyo.
Njengoko imfuno yezisombululo zokugcina amandla iqhubeka ikhula, ngakumbi kumxholo wokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuzinza kwegridi, ukuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium ezithembekileyo kunye nexesha elide kubalulekile.Iisistim zogcino lwamandla esekwe kwibhetri yeLithium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulinganiseni unikezelo kunye nemfuno, ukugcina amandla amaninzi ahlaziyekayo, kunye nokubonelela ngamandla okuxhasa ngexesha lokucima kwegridi.Ngokukoyisa imingeni enxulumene nobomi bebhetri kunye nokhuseleko, iibhetri ze-lithium zinokwenza ukuba utshintsho lube lucoceko, lube namandla ngakumbi.
Isishwankathelo, ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium ziguqule indlela esisebenza ngayo izixhobo kunye nezithuthi, ubomi babo obulinganiselweyo kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko zihlala ziyimingeni ebalulekileyo.Ukusonjululwa kwale miba kufuna ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nentsebenziswano kulo lonke ushishino ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yebhetri ephucukileyo ephucula ukusebenza, ixesha elide kunye nokhuseleko.Ngokunqoba imiba emikhulu kunye neebhetri ze-lithium, sinokuqonda amandla abo apheleleyo njengesisombululo esizinzileyo, esithembekileyo sokugcina amandla kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-22-2024