Ngexesha "leSicwangciso seminyaka yeshumi elinesithathu", imveliso yaseTshayina kunye nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha zikhule ngokukhawuleza, zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi iminyaka emihlanu ilandelelana.Kulindeleke ukuba inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha ligqithe kwizigidi ezi-5 ekupheleni kwalo nyaka.Ngelo xesha, iindaba ezilungileyo ziyaqhubeka zivela eChina kwi-teknoloji engundoqo yeebhetri zamandla amatsha.UChen Liquan oneminyaka engama-80 ubudala, umntu wokuqala kwishishini lebhetri ye-lithium yaseTshayina, wakhokela iqela lakhe ukuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha zebhetri.
Ibhetri ye-lithium entsha ye-nano-silicon ikhutshwe, inamandla amaxesha ama-5 ebhetri ye-lithium yendabuko
U-Chen Liquan, oneminyaka engama-80 ubudala we-Academy yaseTshayina yobuNjineli, ngumseki woshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium yaseTshayina.Kwiminyaka ye-1980, u-Chen Liquan kunye neqela lakhe bakhokela ekuqhubeni uphando kwi-electrolytes eqinile kunye neebhetri zesekondari ze-lithium e-China.Ngo-1996, wakhokela iqela lophando lwenzululwazi ukuphuhlisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion okokuqala ngqa e-China, wathatha ukhokelo ekusombululeni iingxaki zenzululwazi, iteknoloji kunye nobunjineli bemveliso enkulu yeebhetri zasekhaya ze-lithium-ion, kwaye waqonda ushishino. yeebhetri zasekhaya ze-lithium-ion.
E-Liyang, uJiangsu, uLi Hong, i-protégé ye-Academician Chen Liquan, wakhokela iqela lakhe ukuba liphumelele ukuphumelela kwizinto ezingundoqo eziluhlaza kwiibhetri ze-lithium emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 yophando lobugcisa kunye nokuveliswa kobuninzi kwi-2017.
Izinto ze-Nano-silicon anode yinto entsha ephuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo ngabo.Umthamo weebhetri zeqhosha ezenziwe kuyo ziphindwe kahlanu kwiibhetri ze-lithium ze-graphite.
U-Luo Fei, uMphathi Jikelele we-Tianmu eNgcono kwiBattery Material Technology Co., Ltd.
I-silicon ikhona ngokubanzi kwindalo kwaye ininzi kwiindawo zokugcina.Inxalenye ephambili yesanti yi-silica.Kodwa ukwenza i-silicon yensimbi ibe yi-silicon anode, kufuneka ukucubungula okukhethekileyo.Kwilabhoratri, akunzima ukugqiba ukucwangciswa okunjalo, kodwa ukwenza i-ton-level silicon anode materials kufuna uphando oluninzi lobugcisa kunye novavanyo.
I-Institute of Physics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences iphanda i-nano-silicon ukususela ngo-1996, kwaye yaqala ukwakha umgca wokuvelisa i-silicon anode kwi-2012. Kwada kwada kwayi-2017 ukuba umgca wokuqala wokuvelisa wakhiwe, kwaye uye wahlengahlengiswa ngokuqhubekayo. kwaye ihlaziywe.Emva kwamawaka okusilela, izixhobo ze-silicon anode zenziwe ngobuninzi.Okwangoku, imveliso yonyaka ye-Liyang yemveliso ye-silicon anode yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion inokufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-2,000.
Ukuba izixhobo ze-silicon anode zilukhetho olulungileyo lokuphucula ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke iteknoloji yebhetri yesimo esiqinileyo sisisombululo esaziwayo nesisebenzayo sokusombulula iingxaki zangoku ezifana nokhuseleko kunye nobomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-lithium.Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi aphuhlisa ngamandla iibhetri zelizwe, kwaye uphando lwaseTshayina kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhethri yelithium eqinileyo nayo ihambelana nehlabathi.
Kulo mzi-mveliso e-Liyang, ii-drones ezisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo eziphuhliswe liqela elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uLi Hong linoluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa oluyi-20% ubude kunelo lweedrones ezinengcaciso efanayo.Imfihlo ilele kule nto imdaka emnyama, eyona nto iqinileyo yecathode ephuhliswe liZiko leFiziksi, iChinese Academy yeSayensi.
Ngo-2018, uyilo kunye nophuhliso lwe-300Wh/kg inkqubo yebhetri yamandla eqinile yagqitywa apha.Xa ifakwe kwisithuthi, inokuphinda kabini uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa.Ngo-2019, iAkhademi yaseTshayina yeSayensi yaseka umgca wokuvelisa ibhetri eqinileyo eLiyang, eJiangsu.NgoMeyi kulo nyaka, iimveliso sele ziqalisile ukusetyenziswa kwiimveliso zombane zabathengi.
Nangona kunjalo, u-Li Hong uxelele iintatheli ukuba le ayisiyiyo ibhetri yelizwe elizinzile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ibhetri ye-quasi-solid-state ehlala iphuculwe kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium.Ukuba ufuna ukwenza iimoto zibe noluhlu olude, iiselfowuni zinexesha elide lokulinda, kwaye akukho mntu unakho Ukuze iinqwelomoya zibhabhe phezulu nangaphezulu, kuyafuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe ibhetri yelizwe lonke ekhuselekileyo nenkulu.
Iibhetri ezintsha zivela enye emva kwenye kwaye "iChina yoMbane" isakhiwa
Ayisiyiyo kuphela iZiko leFiziksi yeZiko leeSayensi zaseTshayina, iinkampani ezininzi zikwajonga itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezixhobo zeebhetri zamandla amatsha.Kwinkampani yamandla entsha eZhuhai, eGuangdong, ibhasi yombane esulungekileyo iyatshaja kwindawo yokubonisa intlawulo yenkampani.
Emva kokuhlawula ngaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu, amandla aseleyo anyuke ukusuka kwi-33% ukuya ngaphezu kwe-60%.Ngemizuzu eyi-8 kuphela, ibhasi yayihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, ibonisa i-99%.
U-Liang Gong uxelele iintatheli ukuba iindlela zebhasi zedolophu zilungisiwe kwaye umgama wokuya nokubuya awuyi kudlula iikhilomitha ezili-100.Ukutshaja ngexesha lokuphumla komqhubi webhasi kunokunika umdlalo ogcweleyo kwizinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri ze-lithium titanate zitshaja ngokukhawuleza.Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-lithium titanate zinamaxesha okujikeleza.Izinto eziluncedo kubomi obude.
Kwiziko lophando lwebhetri yale nkampani, kukho ibhetri ye-lithium titanate ephantsi kwentlawulo kunye neemvavanyo zomjikelezo wokukhupha ukususela kwi-2014. Ihlawuliswe kwaye ikhutshwe ngaphezu kwe-30,000 ngamaxesha kwiminyaka emithandathu.
Kwenye ilebhu, amagcisa abonise kwiintatheli ukuhla, ukuhlatywa kwenaliti, kunye novavanyo lokusika iibhetri ze-lithium titanate.Ngokukodwa emva kokuba inaliti yensimbi ingene kwibhetri, kwakungekho ukutshisa okanye umsi, kwaye ibhetri isenokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo., kunye neebhetri ze-lithium titanate zinoluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu.
Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium titanate zineenzuzo zobomi obude, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium titanate ayiphezulu ngokwaneleyo, kuphela malunga nesiqingatha seebhetri ze-lithium.Ngoko ke, baye bagxila kwiimeko zesicelo ezingadingi uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, njengeebhasi, izithuthi ezikhethekileyo, kunye nezikhululo zamandla zokugcina amandla.
Ngokuphathelele uphando lwebhetri yokugcina amandla kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino, ibhetri ye-sodium-ion ephuhliswe yi-Institute of Physics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences iqalile indlela yokuthengisa.Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion azikho nje ezincinci ngobukhulu kodwa zikhaphukhaphu kakhulu kumthamo ofanayo wokugcina.Ubunzima beebhetri ze-sodium-ion zomthamo ofanayo zingaphantsi kwe-30% yeebhetri ze-lead-acid.Kwimoto yokubona indawo yombane enesantya esisezantsi, isixa sombane esigcinwe kwindawo enye sinyuka ngama-60%.
Kwi-2011, u-Hu Yongsheng, umphandi kwi-Institute of Physics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences naye wafunda phantsi kwe-Academician Chen Liquan, wakhokela iqela waza waqala ukusebenza kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-teknoloji yebhethri ye-sodium-ion.Emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yophando lobugcisa, ibhetri ye-sodium-ion yaphuhliswa, eyona nto iphantsi kophando lwebhetri ye-sodium-ion kunye nophuhliso eChina nakwihlabathi.kunye nemimandla yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ikwindawo ephambili.
Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zeebhetri ze-sodium-ion kukuba izinto eziluhlaza zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwaye zingabizi.Izinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa izinto ezingalunganga ze-electrode zihlanjwe ngamalahle.Ixabiso ngetoni nganye lingaphantsi kwewaka leeyuan, eliphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lamashumi amawaka eeyuan ngetoni yegraphite.Enye into, i-sodium carbonate, ityebile kwizibonelelo kwaye ingabizi.
Iibhetri zesodium-ion azikho lula ukuzitshisa, zinokhuseleko olululo, kwaye zinokusebenza kuminus 40 degrees celcius.Nangona kunjalo, ukuxinana kwamandla akulunganga njengaleyo yeebhetri ze-lithium.Okwangoku, zinokusetyenziswa kuphela kwizithuthi zombane ezinesantya esiphantsi, izikhululo zamandla okugcina amandla kunye nezinye iindawo ezifuna ukuxinana kwamandla aphantsi.Nangona kunjalo, injongo yeebhetri ze-sodium-ion kufuneka isetyenziswe njengezixhobo zokugcina amandla, kwaye inkqubo yesikhululo samandla se-100-kilowatt-yure iphuhlisiwe.
Ngokuphathelele ulwalathiso lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweebhetri zamandla kunye neebhetri zokugcina amandla, u-Chen Liquan, i-academician ye-Academy yaseTshayina yobuNjineli, ukholelwa ukuba ukhuseleko kunye neendleko ziseziimfuno eziphambili zophando lobugcisa kwiibhetri zamandla kunye neebhetri zokugcina amandla.Kwimeko yokunqongophala kwamandla endabuko, iibhetri zokugcina amandla zinokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelweyo kwigridi, ukuphucula ukuchasana phakathi kwencopho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla entlambo, kwaye zenze isakhiwo samandla esiluhlaza kunye nesizinzileyo.
[Ukuqwalaselwa kwesiqingatha seyure] Ukoyisa "iintlungu zentlungu" zophuhliso lwamandla amatsha
Kwizindululo zikarhulumente omkhulu “kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14”, izithuthi zamandla amatsha nezamandla amatsha, kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwana esitsha, i-biotechnology, izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, i-aerospace, kunye nezixhobo zaselwandle, zidweliswe njengamashishini asakhasayo anobuchule afuna ukukhawuleziswa.Kwangaxeshanye, kwacaciswa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwakha injini yokukhula kumashishini asakhasayo acwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhlakulela itekhnoloji entsha, iimveliso ezintsha, iifomati ezintsha zeshishini, kunye neemodeli ezintsha.
Kule nkqubo, sabona ukuba amaziko ophando lwenzululwazi kunye neenkampani zoshishino zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ukunqoba "iintlungu zentlungu" zokuphuhliswa kwamandla amatsha.Okwangoku, nangona uphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lamandla elizwe lam lufezekise iingenelo ezithile zokuqala, lisajongene neziphene zophuhliso kwaye ubugcisa obuphambili kufuneka bucatshulwe.Aba balindele abantu abakhaliphileyo ukuba banyuke ngobulumko kwaye boyise ngokuzingisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-23-2023