"Ingcuka kwishishini lebhetri yamandla iyeza."Kutshanje, ikhathalogu eqhelekileyo ekhutshwe liSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi yenza ukuba ishishini lincwine ngeemvakalelo.
Ngokutsho kwe "Ikhathalogu yeeModeli eziNyunyiweyo zokuPhakanyiswa kunye nokuSebenza kweZithuthi zaMandla amatsha (i-11th Batch ngo-2019)", izithuthi zamandla amatsha axhotyiswe ngeebhetri ezityalwe kwamanye amazwe ziya kufumana inkxaso-mali e-China okokuqala.Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kokupheliswa kwebhetri "uluhlu olumhlophe" ngoJuni kulo nyaka, i-China Dynamics (600482, i-Stock Bar) imarike yebhetri ivule ngokusemthethweni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle.
Kukho iimoto ze-26 zabagibeli kwiimodeli ezicetyiswayo ezibhengezwe ngeli xesha, kubandakanywa iimoto zombane ezicocekileyo ze-22, kuquka i-Tesla ecocekileyo yombane yombane eya kuveliswa eChina.Okwangoku, akukacaci ukuba ngubani oza kuba ngumthengisi webhetri kaTesla emva kokuba iveliswe eTshayina.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokungena kwikhathalogu yenkxaso-mali, iimodeli ezifanelekileyo ziya kufumana iinkxaso-mali.Ukongeza kuTesla, iimveliso zangaphandle iMercedes-Benz kunye neToyota nazo zingene kuluhlu olucetyiswayo.
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, inkxaso-mali yaseTshayina yezithuthi zamandla amatsha iye yanxulunyaniswa kakhulu nabavelisi bebhetri abakhethiweyo.Ukuthwala iibhetri eziveliswe ziinkampani zebhetri "zoluhlu olumhlophe" kunye nokufaka ikhathalogu ecetyiswayo ngasentla linyathelo lokuqala lokufumana inkxaso-mali.Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izithuthi zamandla amatsha ezingeniswe ngaphandle, ikakhulu iTesla, azikaxhaswa.Iinkampani zasekhaya zezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye neenkampani zebhetri zamandla nazo zonwabele "ixesha lefestile" lophuhliso olukhawulezayo iminyaka eliqela.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuthwa kokwenyani kweshishini akunakuhlukaniswa novavanyo lweemarike.Njengoko intengiso kunye nobunini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, amasebe afanelekileyo nawo akhokela uphuhliso lweshishini ukusuka kumgaqo-nkqubo ukuya kwintengiso.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkxaso-mali yezithuthi ezitsha zamandla ziye zancitshiswa unyaka nonyaka kwaye ziya kuhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo kwimarike ekupheleni kuka-2020. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "uluhlu olumhlophe" lweebhetri zamandla lwabhengezwa kwakhona ukuba lupheliswe. ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka.
Ngokucacileyo, phambi kokuba uncediso-mali lurhoxiswe ngokupheleleyo, ishishini elitsha lezithuthi zaseTshayina liya kuqala lijongane nokhuphiswano oluvela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ishishini lebhetri lamandla liya kuthwala ubunzima.
Gqibezela ukukhululwa kweebhetri ezityalwe kumazwe angaphandle
Ukujonga kwikhathalogu epapashwe yamva nje, iimodeli zamandla amatsha eemveliso zangaphandle ezifana neTesla, Mercedes-Benz, kunye neToyota zonke zingene kulandelelwano lwenkxaso.Phakathi kwabo, uTesla ubhengeze iinguqulelo ezimbini zeemodeli ezifakwe kwikhathalogu, ezihambelana nenkqubo yebhetri yoxinano lwamandla kunye noluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Kutheni kukho umahluko onjalo kwimodeli efanayo yeTesla?Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nenyaniso yokuba uTesla ukhethe ngaphezu komthengisi omnye.Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, uTesla ubonakaliswe ukuba ufikelele kwizivumelwano "ezingezodwa" kunye nenani leenkampani zebhetri zamandla.Iithagethi "ze-scandal" ziquka i-CATL (300750, i-Stock Bar), i-LG Chem, njl.
Abaxhasi bebhetri kaTesla bahlala bedidekile.Ingxelo evela kwiSebe loPhando kwiSebe leSicelo seBattery yaMandla yeBattery China.com ibonise ukuba iimodeli zeTesla ezikhethiweyo kwikhathalogu ekhuthazwayo zixhotyiswe "ngeebhetri ze-ternary eziveliswe nguTesla (Shanghai)."
I-Tesla ngokwenene ivelise iimodyuli zayo zebhetri, kodwa ngubani oza kubonelela ngeeseli?Umkhangeli wexesha elide likaTesla uhlalutye intatheli evela kwi-21st Century Business Herald ukuba isizathu sokuba imodeli ineendidi ezimbini zamandla kukuba ixhotyiswe ngeeseli zebhetri (oko kukuthi, iiseli) ezivela kwiPanasonic kunye ne-LG Chem.
"Eli sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba imodeli exhotyiswe ngeeseli zebhetri zangaphandle ingene kwikhathalogu yenkxaso."Umntu wabonisa ukuba ukongeza kwiTesla, iimoto ezimbini ezivela eBeijing Benz kunye ne-GAC Toyota nazo zingene kwikhathalogu yenkxaso-mali, kwaye akukho namnye kubo oxhotyiswe ngeebhetri zaseKhaya.
UTesla akazange aphendule kwiiseli zebhetri zenkampani ethile ezisebenzisayo, kodwa okoko kwacinywa “uluhlu olumhlophe” lwebhetri yamandla, yinto nje yexesha apho iibhetri eziveliswe ziinkampani ezixhaswa ngemali kumazwe angaphandle kunye neemoto ezixhotyiswe ngezi bhetri ziya kungena. ikhathalogu yenkxaso.
Ngo-Matshi 2015, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi ukhuphe "IiNkcazo zeBattery ye-Automotive Power", eya kusebenzisa iibhetri eziveliswe ziinkampani ezivunyiweyo njengemeko esisiseko yokufumana inkxaso-mali entsha yemoto yamandla.Ukusukela ngoko, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi iye yakhupha ngokulandelelana iibhetshi ezine zeekhathalogu zemveliso yebhetri yamandla (oko kukuthi, “Iibhetri zaMandla aMhlophe”).Uluhlu”), ukwakha “udonga” lweshishini lebhetri lamandla eTshayina.
Ulwazi lubonisa ukuba abavelisi bebhetri abangama-57 abakhethiweyo zizo zonke iinkampani zasekhaya, kwaye abenzi beebhetri baseJapan nabaseKorea njengePanasonic, Samsung, kunye neLG Chem ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili yiSAIC, Changan, Chery, kunye nezinye iinkampani zeemoto aziqukwanga.Ngenxa yokuba zidityaniswe nenkxaso-mali, ezi nkampani zebhetri zixhaswa ngemali yangaphandle zinokurhoxa okwethutyana kwimakethi yaseTshayina.
Nangona kunjalo, "uluhlu olumhlophe" lude lungekho kuphuhliso lweshishini.Intatheli evela kwi-21st Century Business Herald ngaphambili yafunda ukuba ekusebenzeni kokwenyani, ukuphunyezwa koluhlu olumhlophe alungqongqo kangako, kwaye ezinye iimodeli ezingasebenzisi iibhetri "ezifunekayo" ziye zangena kwikhathalogu yemveliso yeSebe lezoShishino. kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi.Kwangaxeshanye, ngogxininiso lwemarike, Noko ke, ezinye iinkampani “ezikuluhlu lwabamhlophe” ziye zawanciphisa amashishini azo okanye zatshona.
Abahlalutyi bemizi-mveliso bakholelwa ukuba ukurhoxisa “uluhlu olumhlophe” lwebhetri kunye nokuvula imarike yebhetri yamandla kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle linyathelo elibalulekileyo lezithuthi zamandla amatsha zaseTshayina ukusuka kumgaqo-nkqubo ukuya kurhwebo.Kuphela xa iinkampani ezinamandla ngakumbi zingena kwimarike zinokunyuswa amandla okuvelisa ngokukhawuleza.Kwaye ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokufezekisa uphuhliso lwangempela lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Intengiso yindlela eqhelekileyo.Ukongeza kwinkululeko “yoluhlu olumhlophe”, ukuhla kancinci kancinci kwenkxaso-mali ngumlinganiselo othe ngqo wokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa koshishino.Kutshanje kubhengezwe "iSicwangciso soPhuhliso loShishino lweZithuthi zaMandla oMtsha (2021-2035)" (idrafti yamazwana) iphinda ichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza ukulungelelaniswa nokulungelelaniswa kweenkampani zebhetri zamandla kunye nokwandisa ukugxila kwishishini.
Ukunciphisa iindleko kubalulekile
Ngenkxaso kunye nenkuthazo yemigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino, inani leenkampani zebhetri zamandla zasekhaya ziye zakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva, kuquka i-CATL, i-BYD (002594, i-Stock Bar), i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech (002074, i-Stock Bar), njl., kuquka i-Fuli , esandul' ukufika kwiBhodi yeNzululwazi neTekhnoloji yokuYila.Itekhnoloji yamandla.Phakathi kwabo, i-CATL ibe "yi-overlord" kwishishini.Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, isabelo semarike yasekhaya yeCATL sinyuke saya kuma-51%.
Phantsi kwendlela yokukhululwa kancinci kancinci kwemarike, iinkampani zebhetri zamandla ezixhaswa ngemali kumazwe angaphandle ziye zenza amalungiselelo eTshayina.Kwi-2018, i-LG Chem iqalise iprojekthi yotyalo-mali yebhetri yamandla e-Nanjing, kwaye i-Panasonic iceba ngokukodwa ukuvelisa iibhetri zezithuthi zombane kwi-factory yayo yaseDalian.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba ababoneleli bebhetri basekhaya bakaTesla, iPanasonic kunye ne-LG Chem, zombini zijolise ekujoliswe kuzo amahemuhemu athandwayo.Phakathi kwabo, iPanasonic liqabane "eliqhelekileyo" likaTesla, kunye neeTeslas ezenziwe eMelika zinikezelwa yiPanasonic.
"Ukungazinzi" kukaTesla kunye "nokulungiselela" kubonisa ukhuphiswano oluqatha kumashishini ebhetri yamandla ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zasekhaya eziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwimarike yaseTshayina iminyaka eliqela, ngaba banokujamelana nokhuphiswano oluvela kwamanye amazwe ngeli xesha?
Umntu osondeleyo kumashishini ebhetri yamandla uxelele intatheli kwi-21st Century Business Herald ukuba iingenelo ezikhuphisanayo zeebhetri zamandla ezityalwe kumazwe angaphandle ikakhulu iteknoloji kunye nokulawulwa kweendleko, eziye zakha "izithintelo" ezithile kwiimarike.Ukuthatha iPanasonic njengomzekelo, abanye abahlalutyi bamashishini babonisa ukuba nangona iphinda ivelise iibhetri ze-lithium ze-ternary, i-Panasonic isebenzisa umlinganiselo ohlukeneyo wezinto eziluhlaza, ezinokunyusa ubuninzi bamandla ngelixa unciphisa iindleko.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje yophuhliso, ngokunyuka kwesikali, iindleko zeebhetri zamandla asekhaya nazo ziye zehla unyaka nonyaka.Ukuthatha i-CATL njengomzekelo, ixabiso lenkqubo yebhetri yamandla yayiyi-2.27 yuan / Wh ngo-2015, kwaye yehla ukuya kwi-1.16 yuan / Wh ngo-2018, kunye nokunciphisa i-avareji yonyaka malunga ne-20%.
Iinkampani zebhetri zamandla asekhaya ziye zenza iinzame ezininzi zokunciphisa iindleko.Ngokomzekelo, zombini i-BYD kunye ne-CATL baphuhlisa iteknoloji ye-CTP (i-CelltoPack, i-module-free power battery pack) iteknoloji, izama ukuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye noyilo lwebhetri olulungelelanisiweyo lwangaphakathi.Iinkampani ezifana ne-Yiwei Lithium Energy (300014, i-Stock Bar) nazo zibika kwiingxelo zonyaka u-Zhong uthe inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo lomgca wokuvelisa kufuneka liphuculwe ukwandisa izinga lesivuno kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
Itekhnoloji ye-CTP isenobunzima obuninzi bokunqoba, kodwa iindaba zamva nje zibonisa ukuba iipakethi zebhetri ze-CATL ze-CTP zingene kwinqanaba lemveliso yorhwebo kwiibhetshi.Kumsitho wokutyikitya nge-6 kaDisemba wokuqinisa intsebenziswano phakathi kweCATL kunye ne-BAIC Amandla amatsha, uZeng Yuqun, usihlalo weCATL, uthe: "Itekhnoloji ye-CTP iya kugubungela zonke iimodeli ezikhoyo nezizayo ze-BAIC Amandla amatsha."
Ukuphucula amanqanaba obugcisa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zezona ndlela ziphambili.Iinkampani zebhetri zamandla zaseTshayina ezimelwe yiCATL sele ziza kuzisa "uphononongo" lokwenyani lwemarike.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-18-2023