Ukuphendula kwisimangalo se-EU "sokulahla" ngokuchasene neenkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uye wabiza ngokukhawuleza iinkampani ezine ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina, eziquka i-Yingli, i-Suntech, i-Trina kunye ne-Canadian Solar, eBeijing ukuxoxa ngeendlela ezichaseneyo.Ezi zigebenga ezine zingenise “iNgxelo eNgxamisekileyo kuPhando lwe-EU oluchasene nokulahlwa kweeMveliso zePhotovoltaic zaseTshayina, eziya konakalisa kakhulu ishishini lelizwe lam.”Le "Ngxelo" ibize urhulumente waseTshayina, ishishini, kunye namashishini ukuba "bathathu komnye" njengoko uphando lwe-EU oluchasene nokulahlwa lungena kwiintsuku ezingama-45 zokubala.Phendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze amanyathelo okuthintela.
"Lo ngumceli mngeni onzima ngakumbi ojongene nomzi mveliso omtsha wamandla waseTshayina emva kokuba i-United States isungule uphando 'oluphindwe kabini' kwiimveliso zamandla omoya aseTshayina kunye neenkampani ze-photovoltaic."UShi Lishan, usekela-mlawuli weSebe lezaMandla amatsha kunye neSebe lezaMandla aHlaziywayo kuLawulo lwaMandla kaZwelonke Kudliwano-ndlebe nentatheli, wathi amandla amatsha athathwa njengeyona nto ingundoqo kwinguqu yesithathu yamashishini ehlabathi, kunye neshishini elitsha lamandla eTshayina, elimelwe. nge-photovoltaics kunye namandla omoya, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye ithathe ukhokelo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.Amazwe aseYurophu nawaseMelika aqalise ngokulandelelana “amanyathelo okuthintela kabini” ngokuchasene namandla amatsha eTshayina.Phezulu, yingxabano yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa kuhlalutyo olunzulu, yimfazwe yokukhuphisana ngamathuba kwinguqu yesithathu yehlabathi yezoshishino.
I-United States kunye neYurophu ziye zaqalisa ngokulandelelana amanyathelo "aphindwe kabini" ngokuchasene neTshayina, ebeka ukusinda kweshishini le-photovoltaic emngciphekweni.
NgoJulayi 24, inkampani yaseJamani iSolarw orld kunye nezinye iinkampani zafaka isikhalazo kwiKomishoni yaseYurophu, zicela uphando oluchasene nokulahlwa kwemveliso ye-photovoltaic yaseTshayina.Ngokwenkqubo, i-EU iya kwenza isigqibo malunga nokuba ifake ityala kwiintsuku ze-45 (ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba).
Olu lolunye uhlaselo kwiimveliso zamandla amatsha eTshayina luluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe emva kweMelika.Ngaphambili, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US lenze izigwebo ezilandelelanayo ezichasene nokulahla kunye nokulahla ukulahla kwi-photovoltaic yaseChina kunye neemveliso zamandla omoya ezithunyelwe eMelika.Phakathi kwabo, imisebenzi echasene nokulahla i-31.14% -249.96% ihlawuliswa kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina;imisebenzi yethutyana yokunqanda ukulahla i-20.85%-72.69% kunye ne-13.74%-26% ihlawuliswa kwiinqaba zamandla omoya ezikwibakala lesicelo laseTshayina.Ngokwenza imisebenzi echaseneyo yethutyana, irhafu ebanzi yemisebenzi ephindwe kabini yokuchasana nemisebenzi echaseneyo ifikelela kubuninzi obungama-98.69%.
"Xa kuthelekiswa ne-US yokuchasana nokulahla ityala, ityala le-EU elichasene nokulahla linobubanzi obubanzi, libandakanya inani elikhulu, kwaye libeka imiceli mngeni enzima kwishishini le-photovoltaic laseChina."U-Liang Tian, umlawuli wobudlelwane boluntu we-Yingli Group, uxelele iintatheli ukuba i-EU ye-anti-dumping case Ityala lihlanganisa zonke iimveliso zelanga ezivela e-China.Kubalwa ngokusekwe kwixabiso lenkqubo ye-yuan ezili-15 ngewathi nganye yemveliso kulo nyaka uphelileyo, umthamo uwonke ufikelele phantse kwitriliyoni enye yeyuan, kwaye umda wempembelelo uye wanda kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-EU iyona marike inkulu phesheya kweemveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina.Ngo-2011, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso ye-photovoltaic yase-China yaphesheya yayimalunga ne-US$35.8 yeebhiliyoni, kwaye i-EU ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-60%.Ngamanye amazwi, ityala le-EU elichasene nokulahla liya kubandakanya ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle elingaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidigidi zeedola zase-US, elikufutshane nexabiso elipheleleyo lokungeniswa kwe-China yezithuthi ezipheleleyo ezivela kwi-EU ngo-2011. Iya kuba nempembelelo enkulu China-EU urhwebo, ezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho.
U-Liang Tian ukholelwa ukuba xa i-EU i-anti-dumping case isungulwe, iya kubangela umonakalo onobungozi kwiinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic.Okokuqala, i-EU inokuthi ibeke iirhafu eziphezulu kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina, ezibangela ukuba iinkampani ze-photovoltaic zelizwe lam zilahlekelwe inzuzo yazo yokukhuphisana kwaye zinyanzeliswe ukuba zihoxise kwiimarike ezinkulu;okwesibini, ubunzima bokusebenza obujongene neenkampani eziphambili ze-photovoltaic buya kukhokelela kwi-bankruptcy yeenkampani ezidibeneyo, i-credit bank eyonakeleyo, kunye nokungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi.kunye noluhlu lweengxaki ezinzulu zentlalo nezoqoqosho;okwesithathu, njengoshishino olusahlumayo lwelizwe lam, iinkampani zephotovoltaic ziye zathintelwa kukukhuselwa korhwebo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba iqhinga lelizwe lam lokuguqula iindlela zophuhliso loqoqosho kunye nokulima iindawo ezintsha zokuhluma koqoqosho ziphulukane nenkxaso ebalulekileyo;kunye Okwesine, ukuhamba kwe-EU kuya kunyanzela iinkampani zelizwe lam photovoltaic ukuseka iifektri phesheya kolwandle, okubangela ukuba uqoqosho lokwenene lwaseChina luhambe ngaphandle.
“Eli iya kuba lelona tyala lokhuseleko lorhwebo elinelona xabiso likhulu, olona luhlu lubanzi lomngcipheko, kunye nowona monakalo mkhulu wezoqoqosho kwimbali yehlabathi.Akunjalo nje kuphela ukuba iinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina ziya kuba nentlekele, kodwa ziya kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekulahlekeni kwexabiso lemveliso elingaphezulu kwe-350 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan, kunye ne-yuan engaphezu kwe-200 yeebhiliyoni.Umngcipheko wemali-mboleko engalunganga kwi-RMB ubangele ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-300,000 ukuya kuma-500,000 baphulukane nemisebenzi yabo ngaxeshanye.Utshilo uLiang Tian.
Akukho mntu uphumeleleyo kwimfazwe yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe.Ingxabano ye-photovoltaic ayikho nje iChina.
Ukuphendula kwisimangalo se-EU esithi "anti-dumping" ngokuchasene neshishini le-photovoltaic laseChina, ii-giants ezine eziphambili ze-photovoltaic zaseChina, ezikhokelwa ngu-Yingli, zicetyiswe "kwingxelo engxamisekileyo" engeniswe kwiSebe lezoRhwebo ukuba ilizwe lam kufuneka lamkele "ubathathu emnye" ulungelelwaniso kunye. unxibelelwano lukarhulumente, ishishini kunye namashishini ukuba aqulunqe amanyathelo achaseneyo.umlinganiselo.I "Ngxelo yoNgxamiseko" ibiza uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseChina, uMphathiswa wezeMali, uMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle kunye neenkokheli zelizwe eziphakamileyo ukuba ziqalise ngokukhawuleza ukubonisana kunye nothethathethwano kunye ne-EU kunye namazwe afanelekileyo, ebongoza i-EU ukuba ilahle uphando.
Akukho baphumeleleyo kwiimfazwe zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe.Isithethi soMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uShen Danyang kutshanje uphendule kwi-EU's photovoltaic anti-dumping, esithi: "Ukuba i-EU ibeka izithintelo kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseChina, sikholelwa ukuba kuya kuba yingozi kuphuhliso olupheleleyo lwe-EU's photovoltaic industry upstream and downstream, kwaye iya kuba yingozi. ibe yingozi ekuqhubeleni phambili kwesicwangciso se-EU sekhabhoni ephantsi., kwaye ayihambisani nentsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani zeeseli zelanga zamaqela omabini, kwaye inokuzidubula nje enyaweni.”
Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-photovoltaic kunye namanye amashishini anamandla amatsha sele equlunqe ikhonkco lezoshishino kunye nexabiso lehlabathi jikelele, kwaye onke amazwe ehlabathi, kuquka amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika, angawoluntu olunomdla kunye neenzuzo ezihambelanayo.
Ukuthatha i-photovoltaics njengomzekelo, i-EU ineenzuzo kuphando lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso, izinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo;ngelixa iChina ineenzuzo kwisikali nakwimveliso, kwaye uninzi lwemveliso yayo igxile kwicala lecandelo.Ishishini le-photovoltaic laseTshayina likhuthaze uphuhliso lwamashishini anxulumeneyo kwi-EU nakwihlabathi, ngakumbi ukuveliswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ekrwada enxulumene ne-EU kunye nezixhobo eChina.Idatha yoluntu ibonisa ukuba ngo-2011, i-China yangenisa ngaphandle kwe-US $ 764 yezigidi ze-polysilicon evela eJamani, i-20% ye-China yokungeniswa kwemveliso efanayo kwamanye amazwe, yathenga i-US $ 360 yezigidi ze-paste yesilivere, kwaye yathenga malunga ne-18 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan zezixhobo zokuvelisa ezivela eJamani, eSwitzerland nase. amanye amazwe aseYurophu., ikhuthaze uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yaseYurophu enyukayo nesezantsi, yaza yadala imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-300,000 kwi-EU.
Nje ukuba i-photovoltaics yaseChina ibethelwe nzima, imarike yaseYurophu kwikhonkco lemveliso ayiyi kugcinwa.Ukuphendula ngolu hlobo lwetyala elichasene nokulahla "ukulimaza abantu abalikhulu kunye nokuzonakalisa amashumi asibhozo", iinkampani ezininzi ze-photovoltaic zaseYurophu zineendawo ezichasayo ezicacileyo.Ukulandela inkampani yaseMunich WACKER, inkampani yaseJamani iHeraeus nayo isandul 'ukuvakalisa inkcaso yayo kwi-EU isungula uphando "lomgunyathi ophindwe kabini" oluchasene neChina.UFrank Heinricht, usihlalo wale nkampani, uchaze ukuba ukumisela amaxabiso okohlwaya kuya kubangela ukuba i-China iphendule ngamanyathelo afanayo, akholelwa ukuba "kukunyhasha ngokuphandle umgaqo wokhuphiswano lwasimahla."
Ngokucacileyo, imfazwe yokurhweba kwimboni ye-photovoltaic ekugqibeleni iya kukhokelela "kwilahleko-ukulahlekelwa", okusisiphumo sokuba akukho qela lizimisele ukulibona.
I-China kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo amaninzi ukuze ibambe inyathelo kwishishini elitsha lamandla
“I-China ayiphelelanga nje ngokuba lelona lizwe lirhweba kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa ikwakwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi ngobukhulu ekurhweba ngayo.Ukuphendula kwiingxabano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezixhokonxwa ngamanye amazwe, iChina ineemeko zokuthatha amanyathelo ahambelanayo kwaye iphendule ngenkuthalo. ”U-Liang Tian uxelele iintatheli ukuba ngeli xesha i-EU ifake ngempumelelo i-anti-dumping case ngokumelene ne-photovoltaics yaseChina.I-China kufuneka yenze "imilinganiselo yokubuyisela".Umzekelo, inokukhetha iimveliso ezivela kurhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle lwe-EU ukuya e-China ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo, ezibandakanya abachaphazelekayo abaneleyo, okanye ezinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nobuchube ngokulinganayo, kwaye yenze amanyathelo achaseneyo ahambelanayo."Double-reverse" uphando kunye nokulawula.
U-Liang Tian ukholelwa ukuba impendulo ye-China kwi-2009 ye-Sino-US yokukhusela isondo inika umzekelo ophumelelayo kwimithombo emitsha yamandla njenge-photovoltaics.Ngaloo nyaka, uMongameli wase-US u-Obama wabhengeza irhafu yeminyaka emithathu yokohlwaya kwiimoto kunye namavili eelori ezikhaphukhaphu ezisuka eTshayina.UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseTshayina ugqibe ekubeni aqalise uphononongo “lokuphinda kabini umva” kwezinye iimveliso zemoto kunye neemveliso zebroiler ezisuka eMelika.Xa izilangazelelo zayo zonakaliswa, iUnited States yakhetha ukulalanisa.
U-Shi Lishan, usekela-mlawuli weSebe lezaMandla aNtsha kunye naMandla aVuselelwayo kuLawulo lweSizwe lwaMandla, ukholelwa ukuba kuphando lwangaphambili "oluphindwe kabini" olwaqaliswa yi-United States ngokuchasene neemveliso zamandla omoya waseTshayina kunye neenkampani ze-photovoltaic kwi-EU "i-double-reverse" ye-EU Isimangalo esichasene neenkampani zaseTshayina ze-photovoltaic, Le asiyiyo kuphela imfazwe eyasungulwa yi-European Union ngokuchasene namandla amatsha elizwe lam njengoshishino olusakhulayo olucwangcisiweyo, kodwa kunye nengxabano phakathi kwamazwe malunga namandla amatsha kwi-revolution yesithathu yezoshishino.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, iinguqu ezimbini zokuqala kwezoshishino kwimbali yoluntu zixhomekeke kuphuhliso lwamandla efosili.Nangona kunjalo, amandla efosili angahlaziyekiyo abangele iingxaki ezikhulayo zamandla kunye nobunzima bokusingqongileyo.Kuguqulo lwesithathu lwemizi-mveliso, amandla amatsha acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo adale iindawo ezintsha zokukhula koqoqosho kwaye adlale indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kuhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo samandla.Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi ehlabathi athatha uphuhliso lwamandla amatsha njengoshishino olucwangcisiweyo olubalulekileyo lokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho.Baye bavelisa ubugcisa obutsha, bangenisa imigaqo-nkqubo, baza batyala imali, bezama ukusebenzisa amathuba enguqu yesithathu kwezoshishino.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba uphuhliso lwamandla omoya eTshayina ludlule iMelika kwaye lukwinqanaba lokuqala kwihlabathi, kwaye ishishini lokuvelisa amandla omoya lelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini;Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina ngoku ithatha ngaphezu kwe-50% yomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi, kwaye iphumelele ukunikezelwa kwelizwe kwi-70% yezixhobo zayo.Njengencopho yeenzuzo zamandla amatsha, amandla omoya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic zibekwe njengamashishini asakhasayo anobuchule baseTshayina.Bangomnye wamashishini ambalwa kwilizwe lam anokuthi ngaxeshanye athathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye abe kwinqanaba eliphambili.Abanye abangaphakathi babonisa ukuba iYurophu kunye ne-United States zicinezela amashishini e-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya e-China, ngandlela-thile, ukunqanda uphuhliso lwamashishini asakhulayo ase-China kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iYurophu kunye ne-United States 'indawo ehamba phambili kumashishini amaqhinga exesha elizayo.
Ujongene nezithintelo ezivela kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neYurophu kunye ne-United States, amashishini amatsha aseTshayina anamandla afana ne-photovoltaics kunye namandla omoya angaphuma njani kule ngxaki?U-Shi Lishan ukholelwa ukuba okokuqala, kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo ukuze siphendule ngokusebenzayo kumngeni kwaye sizame inyathelo kwimfazwe yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe;okwesibini, kufuneka sigxininise ekulimeni Kwimarike yasekhaya, kufuneka sakhe i-photovoltaic kunye neshishini lokuvelisa amandla omoya kunye nenkqubo yenkonzo esekelwe kwimarike yasekhaya kwaye ijoliswe kwihlabathi;Okwesithathu, kufuneka sikhawulezise uhlaziyo lwenkqubo yamandla angaphakathi, sihlakulele imarike yamandla esasazwayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni senze imodeli yophuhliso oluzinzileyo olutsha olusekwe kurhwebo lwangaphakathi kwaye lusebenzela urhwebo lwehlabathi.Inkqubo yoshishino lwamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-18-2024