Okubizwa ngokuba yi "Musketeers ezintathu" zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zibhekisela kwiindlela ezintathu zamandla ahlukeneyo: i-fuel cell, amandla adibeneyo kunye namandla ombane acocekileyo.Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, imodeli yombane ecocekileyo "Tesla" iye yatshayela ihlabathi.Imihlanganiselwa yebrendi yasekhaya efana ne-BYD [-0.54% yeNgxelo yoPhando lweNgxowa-mali] “Qin” nayo iyakhula.Kubonakala ngathi phakathi kwe "Musketeers ezintathu", Iiseli zepetroli kuphela eziqhube kakuhle kancinci.Kumboniso we-Auto waseBeijing obanjwe ngoku, inani leemodeli ezintsha ezimangalisayo zeeseli zamafutha ziye zaba "ziinkwenkwezi" zomboniso.Le meko ikhumbuza abantu ukuba ukuthengiswa kweemoto zeeseli zamafutha kusondela ngokuthe ngcembe.I-Fuel cell concepts stocks kwi-A-share market iquka i-SAIC Motor [-0.07% yeNgxelo yoPhando lweNgxowa-mali] (600104), ephuhlisa izithuthi zeeseli zamafutha;iinkampani ezinezabelo zeenkampani zeseli zamafutha, ezifana neJiangsu Sunshine, umnini-sabelo omkhulu weShenli Technology [-0.94% Funding Research Report] (600220) kunye neGreat Wall Electric [-0.64% Funding Research Report] (600192), enezabelo kwi Xinyuan Amandla, kunye neNarada Power [-0.71% iNgxelo yoPhando lweNkxaso-mali] (300068);kunye nezinye iinkampani ezihambelanayo kwi-industry chain Enterprises, ezifana ne-Huachang Chemical [-0.90% yeNgxelo yoPhando lweNgxowa-mali] (002274), ebandakanyeka kwi-arhente yokunciphisa "i-sodium borohydride", kunye ne-Kemet Gas [0.46% Ingxelo yoPhando lweNkxaso-mali] (002549), enekhono lokubonelela nge-hydrogen.“I-fuel cell yi-reverse chemical reaction of electrolyzing water.I-Hydrogen kunye neoksijini zidibanisa amanzi ukuvelisa umbane.Ngokwethiyori, iiseli zamafutha zinokusetyenziswa naphi na apho kusetyenziswa khona umbane.”Kudliwano-ndlebe kunye nentatheli evela kwi-Securities Times, uSekela Jikelele we-Shenli Technology uZhang Ruogu waqala ngale nto.Kuyaqondwa ukuba eyona ndlela iphambili yenkampani luphando kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino lwe-hydrogen proton yotshintshiselwano lwe-membrane yeeseli zamafutha kunye nobunye ubugcisa, obubandakanya iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zeeseli zamafutha ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.I-Jiangsu Sunshine kunye ne-Fosun Pharma [-0.69% yeNgxelo yoPhando lweNgxowa-mali] ngokulandelanayo ibambe i-31% kunye ne-5% ye-equity interest.Nangona zininzi iindawo ezisebenzayo, usetyenziso lwezorhwebo lweeseli zamafutha zasekhaya alulula.Ngaphandle kwabavelisi beemoto abanomdla ekukhuthazeni ingqikelelo yezithuthi zeeseli zamafutha, uphuhliso lweeseli zamafutha kwezinye iindawo lusacotha noko.Okwangoku, izinto ezifana neendleko eziphezulu kunye nenani elincinci lezikhululo ze-hydrogen refueling, ukungabikho kweendawo ezixhasayo, kunye nobunzima bokuphindaphinda iisampulu zangaphandle zisezona zizathu zokuba kutheni iiseli zamafutha kunzima ukuthengisa kwimarike yaseTshayina.Izithuthi zeeseli zamafutha ziyeza kungekudala Kulo Mboniso we-Auto waseBeijing, i-SAIC Group esanda kukhutshwa iRoewe 950 iplagi entsha yeplagi yeplagi ye-fuel cell sedan itsale umdla omkhulu.Umzimba olungelelanisiweyo omhlophe wekhephu kunye nesigqubuthelo se-injini esenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo zibonisa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yamandla yangaphakathi yemoto, itsala ababukeli abaninzi.Eyona nto ibalaseleyo yale moto intsha kukuba ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yamandla amabini ebhetri kunye ne-fuel cell.Ubukhulu becala yi-hydrogen fuel cell kwaye yongezwa yibhetri.Ibhetri inokutshajiswa ngenkqubo yamandla egridi yesixeko.Kuxelwe ukuba i-SAIC Motor inokufikelela kwimveliso emincinci yezithuthi ze-fuel cell ngo-2015. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla axubileyo ezithuthi zamandla amatsha abhekiselele ekudityanisweni kwamandla angaphakathi okutsha kunye namandla ombane, kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-SAIC ye-fuel cell + mode yombane. elinye ilinge elitsha.Ngokutsho kukaGan Fen, umphathi jikelele weSebe leTekhnoloji yaMandla eNtsha ye-SAIC Motor, olu yilo lusekelwe kwinto yokuba xa isithuthi se-fuel cell isantya, kufuneka sisebenzise i-fuel cell ngomthwalo opheleleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla apheleleyo.Amandla afunekayo makhulu kakhulu, ixabiso liphezulu, kwaye ixesha lokuphila liya kuncitshiswa..I-plug-in fuel cell vehicles inokuqinisekisa iindleko eziphantsi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezimbini, iindleko zisephezulu kunezithuthi eziqhelekileyo zombane.Ukongeza, iToyota iphinde yabonisa imoto yengqondo yeFCV exhotyiswe ngeseli ye-hydrogen yamafutha kulo mboniso wemoto.Kuyaqondwa ukuba iToyota iceba ukuqalisa ibhetshi ye-fuel cell sedans eJapan, eUnited States naseYurophu ngo-2015, kwaye inethemba lokuba intengiso yonyaka yale modeli iya kudlula iiyunithi ze-10,000 ngo-2020. Ngokweendleko, iToyota ithe ukuba ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ixabiso lale moto lincitshiswe malunga ne-95% xa kuthelekiswa neeprototypes zangaphambili.Ukongeza, i-Honda iceba ukuqalisa i-fuel cell car kunye noluhlu lweekhilomitha ezingama-500 kwi-2015, kunye nenjongo yokuthengisa yokuthengisa iiyunithi ze-5,000 kwiminyaka emihlanu;I-BMW nayo izibophelele kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi ze-fuel cell;I-Hyundai yaseMzantsi Korea ikwaphehlelele imodeli entsha yeeseli zamafutha.Sele kukho izicwangciso zokuvelisa ngobuninzi;Iimoto zeMercedes-Benz ziceba ukuqalisa isithuthi esitsha se-hydrogen fuel cell kwi-2017. Ukuqwalasela kwiziphumo zophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nezicwangciso zokuvelisa ubuninzi bezi nkampani zeemoto, i-2015 ingaba ngumnyaka wokuqala wokuthengiswa kweeseli zepetroli kunye neenqwelo zamandla e-hydrogen.Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo ezixhasayo ngumqobo "Enyanisweni, iimoto ziyindlela enzima kakhulu yokwenza iiseli zamafutha."UZhang Ruogu uxelele iintatheli, "Kwelinye icala, iimoto zineemfuno zobugcisa eziphezulu kakhulu kwiiseli zepetroli, ekufuneka zibencinci ngobukhulu, zisebenze kakuhle, kwaye zikhawuleze ukuphendula.Kwelinye icala, izikhululo zokuxhasa ihydrogen kufuneka zakhiwe, kwaye amazwe angaphandle atyale imali eninzi kulo mba. ”Kule nkalo, ingcali evela kwi-International Hydrogen Energy Society yathi izikhululo ze-hydrogen refueling ziyindawo enkulu yokuphuhliswa kweemoto ze-fuel cell.imiqobo.Njengezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ezixhasayo, ukuhanjiswa kwezikhululo ze-hydrogen refueling kugqiba ukuba iimoto ze-fuel cell zingasetyenziswa emva kokuveliswa.Idatha ibonisa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2013, inani lezikhululo ze-hydrogen ezisetyenziswayo emhlabeni jikelele zafikelela kuma-208, kwaye zingaphezu kwekhulu ezilungiswayo.Ezi zikhululo ze-hydrogenation zisasazwa ikakhulu kwimimandla enobume benethiwekhi bokuqala be-hydrogenation njengeYurophu, iUnited States, kunye neJapan.Nangona kunjalo, iTshayina isemva ngokwentelekiso, inesikhululo esinye kuphela se-hydrogenation ngasinye eBeijing naseShanghai.UMnu Ji ovela kwiSebe lezoRhwebo le-Xinyuan Power ukholelwa ukuba i-2015 ithathwa ngushishino njengonyaka wokuqala wokuthengiswa kweemoto ze-fuel cell cell, ezingahambelani nokuba inani elithile lezikhululo ze-hydrogen refueling zakhiwe ngaphandle.I-Xinyuan Power lishishini lokuqala le-joint-stock fuel cell e-China, elizinikele kuphando nophuhliso lweeseli zamafutha ezithuthi, kwaye libonelele ngeenkqubo zamandla kwizithuthi zeeseli zamafutha zeQela le-SAIC amaxesha amaninzi.Inkampani ichaze ukuba ugxininiso kwiimoto zokusetyenziswa kweeseli zamafutha, kwelinye icala, kuba ishishini leemoto lelizwe lam likhulu kwaye likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye linemfuno engxamisekileyo yetekhnoloji yamandla amatsha;kwelinye icala, itekhnoloji ikhulile kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiiseli zamafutha.Ukuthengiswa kweemoto.Ukongeza, intatheli yafunda ukuba ukongeza ekuxhaseni izibonelelo ze-hydrogenation, ukungabikho kwezinto ezixhasayo ezifunekayo kwiiseli zepetroli kukwangomnye wemiqobo.Iinkampani ezimbini zeeseli ze-fuel ziqinisekisile ukuba ukunyuka kunye nokusezantsi kwetsheyini yoshishino lweeseli zasekhaya akukagqibi, kwaye amanye amacandelo awodwa kunzima ukuwafumana, okwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuthengiswa kweeseli zamafutha.Le ngxaki ayikasonjululwa ngokupheleleyo kumazwe angaphandle.Ngokweendleko, iinkampani ezininzi zathi ekubeni zonke izinto azizange zithengiswe, kunzima ukuxoxa ngeendleko zeeseli zamafutha e-China.Kwixesha elizayo, isikali semveliso siya kuzisa indawo enkulu yokucutha amaxabiso, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokwehliswa komyinge weentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ixabiso leeseli zepetroli liya kuhla kancinci kancinci.Kodwa ngokubanzi, ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa, kunzima ukuba iindleko zeeseli zepetroli zihle ngokukhawuleza.Indlela yase-US-Japan kunzima ukuyikopa Ukongeza kwiimoto, zininzi ezinye iindlela zorhwebo zeeseli zamafutha.EUnited States naseJapan, obu bugcisa buye benza isikali esithile semarike ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa.Nangona kunjalo, iintatheli ziye zafunda ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe ukuba iindlela zokurhweba ezizanywa yi-United States ne-Japan okwangoku kunzima ukuzixelisa ekhaya, kwaye akukho migaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo efanelekileyo.I-Plug, inkampani yeeseli zaseMelika yaseMelika, yaziwa njengeyesibini ngobukhulu isitokhwe emva kweTesla, kwaye ixabiso layo lesitokhwe linyuke izihlandlo ezininzi kulo nyaka.Kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, iPlug yafumana iodolo enkulu evela eWalmart yaza yatyikitya isivumelwano senkonzo yeminyaka emithandathu yokubonelela ngeeseli zamafutha kwiifolokhwe zombane kumaziko osasazo amathandathu eWalmart eMntla Melika.Ngenxa yokuba i-fuel cell ine-zero emission kunye neempawu zokungangcoliseki, ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-forklift yangaphakathi.Ayifuni ukutshaja ixesha elide, inokukhawuleza i-refueled kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo, ngoko ineenzuzo ezithile zokukhuphisana.Nangona kunjalo, iiforklift zeeseli zamafutha azifumaneki okwangoku eTshayina.Inkokeli yasekhaya ye-forklift u-Anhui Heli [-0.47% Ingxelo yoPhando lweNkxaso-mali] uZhang Mengqing, unobhala webhodi yabalawuli, uxelele iintatheli ukuba umlinganiselo okhoyo ngoku we-forklift yombane e-China uphantsi kwaye awuthandwa njengakwamanye amazwe.Ngokutsho kwabangaphakathi kwishishini, kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili ze-gap: okokuqala, akukho sithintelo esingqongqo kwi-indoor forklift ephumayo yokukhupha e-China njengamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo;okwesibini, iinkampani zasekhaya zinovelwano kakhulu kwixabiso lezixhobo zokuvelisa.NgokukaZhang Mengqing, “Iiforklift zombane zasekhaya zisekelwe ikakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye i-akhawunti yebhetri malunga ne-1/4 yeendleko zesithuthi siphela;ukuba kusetyenziswa iibhetri ze-lithium, zinokubalela ngaphezulu kwe-50% yeendleko zeforklift.Iiforklift zebhetri yeLithium zisathintelwa ziindleko eziphezulu, kwaye iiseli zepetroli ezibiza kakhulu kunzima kakhulu ukuba zamkelwe yimarike yeforklift yasekhaya.Ikhaya laseJapan elidityanisiweyo lobushushu kunye nenkqubo yamandla isebenzisa irhasi yendalo yasekhaya emva kokuyilungisa ibe yihydrogen.Kuxelwa ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza, i-fuel cell iya kuvelisa amandla ombane kunye namandla okushisa ngexesha elifanayo.Ngelixa i-fuel cell water heaters ifudumeza amanzi, umbane owenziweyo uqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwigridi yamandla kwaye uthenge ngexabiso eliphezulu.Idityaniswe nenkxaso-mali karhulumente enkulu, inani lemizi eJapan esebenzisa olu hlobo lwezifudumezi zamanzi zeseli yamafutha zafikelela ngaphezu kwama-20,000 ngo-2012. Ngokutsho kwabangaphakathi kwishishini, nangona olu hlobo lwesifudumezi samanzi lunokuphucula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ixabiso layo liphezulu. njenge 200,000 yuan, kwaye okwangoku akukho nto ihambelanayo negesi yendalo ehlaziyiweyo encinci eTshayina, ngoko ke ayihambelani neemeko zoshishino.Xa sidityanisiwe, ukuthengiswa kweeseli zamafutha elizwe lam akukaqalisi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izithuthi zamandla e-hydrogen zisekho kwinqanaba "lemoto yengqondo";ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye iindawo zesicelo, kunzima kwiiseli zepetroli ukufezekisa izicelo ezinkulu kunye nezorhwebo kwixesha elifutshane.Ngokuphathelele amathemba exesha elizayo eeseli zepetroli eTshayina, uZhang Ruogu ukholelwa oku: “Asikokuba yeyiphi into ebhetele okanye yeyiphi imarike ebhetele.Kufanele kuthiwe lowo ufanelekileyo ngoyena ulungileyo.”Iiseli zamafutha zisakhangela izisombululo ezingcono.Indlela yorhwebo efanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-11-2023