I-Arhente yezaMandla yeZizwe ngezizwe yathi umhlaba ujongene "nengxaki yamandla okwenene yehlabathi" ngenxa yokuhlasela kweRussia eUkraine kunye nezithintelo ezilandelayo zokuhanjiswa kwegesi yaseRussia.Nantsi indlela i-UK, iJamani, iFransi kunye ne-US eziphendule ngayo kule ngxaki.
Kwi-2008, i-UK yaba lilizwe lokuqala le-G7 ukuba lisayine kumthetho ukuzibophelela kwayo kwi-net zero greenhouse gas emissions ngo-2050. Ngelixa i-UK iqhuba ngokuqhubekayo ukuguqulwa kwemithetho yokukhuthaza icandelo le-real estate ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ukuvela kokhuseleko lwamandla. Ingxaki ngo-2022 ibonise ukuba olu hlaziyo lufuna ukukhawuleziswa.
Ekuphenduleni ukunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla, urhulumente wase-UK wapasisa uMthetho we-Energy Prices Act 2022 ngo-Oktobha 2022, ojolise ekuboneleleni ngenkxaso yeendleko zamandla kumakhaya kunye namashishini kunye nokukhusela ekuguqukeni kokunyuka kwamaxabiso egesi.INkqubo yoNcedo lweBhili yezaMandla, ebonelela amashishini ngezaphulelo kumaxabiso ombane kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, iza kuthatyathelwa indawo yiNkqubo yeSaphulelo seBhili yezaMandla esitsha kumashishini, imibutho yesisa kunye nemibutho yecandelo likarhulumente eqale ngo-Epreli walo nyaka.
E-UK, sikwabona intshukumo yokwenyani yokuvelisa umbane onekhabhoni ephantsi ukusuka kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo nakumandla enyukliya.
Urhulumente wase-UK uthembise ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwe-UK kumafutha e-fossil ngenjongo yokukhupha i-decarbonizing inkqubo yombane yase-UK ngo-2035. NgoJanuwari kulo nyaka, izivumelwano zisayinwe kwiprojekthi yomoya we-offshore enokuthi ibonelele ukuya kwi-8 GW yamandla omoya olwandle. – ngokwaneleyo ukunika amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwizigidi ezisixhenxe amakhaya e-UK.
Ukubeka phambili uhlaziyo lukwi-ajenda njengoko kukho imiqondiso yokuba iibhoyili ezitsha zerhasi ezindlini zinokupheliswa kwaye izilingo ziyaqhubeka ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen njengolunye umthombo wamandla.
Ukongeza kwindlela abonelelwa ngayo umbane kwindawo eyakhiweyo, iinzame eziqhubekayo ziyenziwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kombane kwizakhiwo, kwaye kulo nyaka kuya kubakho iinguqu kwiMigangatho yokuFaneka koMbane oBuncinane.Kulo nyaka uphelileyo siphinde sabona uphononongo olufuneka kakhulu lwendlela ikhabhoni elinganiswa ngayo ekwakhiweni komgangatho wesatifikethi samandla ukuze kunikwe ingxelo ngegalelo elongezelelekileyo lohlaziyo ekuveliseni umbane (nangona ukusebenzisa irhasi kwizakhiwo ngoku kungathetha ukureyithwa okuphantsi).
Kukwakho nezindululo zokutshintsha indlela ekujongwa ngayo ukonga kwamandla ombane kwizakhiwo ezikhulu zorhwebo (kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zothethwano lukarhulumente malunga noku) kunye nokulungiswa kweekhowudi zokwakha zonyaka ophelileyo ukuvumela ukuba kufakwe iindawo zokutshaja izithuthi zombane ngakumbi kuphuhliso.Ezi zezinye zeenguqu ezenzekayo, kodwa zibonisa ukuba inkqubela yenziwa kwiindawo ezibanzi.
Ingxaki yamandla ibeka ngokucacileyo uxinzelelo kumashishini, kwaye ukongeza kwiinguqu zomthetho ezikhankanywe ngasentla, amanye amashishini athathe isigqibo sokunciphisa iiyure zokusebenza ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwamandla.Sikwabona amashishini ethatha amanyathelo asebenzayo, afana nokuthoba amaqondo obushushu ukuthoba iindleko zokufudumeza kunye nokukhangela iindawo ezonga amandla ngakumbi xa ucinga ngokufuduka.
NgoSeptemba ka-2022, uRhulumente wase-UK wagunyazisa uphononongo oluzimeleyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-“Mission Zero” ukujonga ukuba i-UK ingahlangabezana njani ngcono nezibophelelo zayo ze-zero ngenxa yengxaki yamandla yehlabathi.
Olu phononongo lujolise ekuchongeni iithagethi ezifikelelekayo, ezisebenzayo kunye nezilungele ishishini kwisicwangciso se-Net Zero sase-UK kwaye ibonisa ukuba indlela eya phambili icacile.Uziro ococekileyo umisela ngokucacileyo imigaqo kunye nezigqibo zezopolitiko kumgangatho wevenkile.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umzi-mveliso waseJamani wezindlu nezindlu uye wajongana nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kwelinye icala ngenxa yamanyathelo e-Covid-19 kwaye kwelinye icala ngenxa yengxaki yamandla.
Ngelixa ishishini lenze imitsi ekusebenzeni kombane kule minyaka yakutsha nje ngokuzinzileyo kunye notyalo-mali kubugcisa bezakhiwo eziluhlaza, inkxaso karhulumente nayo idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekulweni le ngxaki.
Okokuqala, urhulumente waseJamani wamkele isicwangciso esinezigaba ezithathu zonikezelo lwerhasi yendalo.Oku kubonisa ukuba ukhuseleko lonikezelo lunokugcinwa kangakanani na kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo abalulekileyo.Urhulumente unelungelo lokungenelela ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwegesi kubathengi abathile abakhuselweyo njengezibhedlele, amapolisa okanye abathengi bamakhaya.
Okwesibini, malunga nokunikezelwa kombane, ithuba lokubizwa ngokuba "ukucima" ngoku kuxoxwa ngayo.Kwimeko yemeko eqikelelweyo kuthungelwano, xa amandla amaninzi asetyenziswa kunokuba aveliswe, ii-TSOs kuqala zibhenela ekusebenziseni oovimba abakhoyo bezityalo zamandla.Ukuba oku akwanelanga, ukuvalwa okwethutyana kunye nokucwangcisiweyo kuya kuqwalaselwa kwiimeko ezinzima.
La manyathelo okhuseleko achazwe ngasentla abangela iingxaki ezicacileyo kushishino lwezindlu nezindlu.Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neenkqubo ezibonise iziphumo ezinokulinganiswa, okubangele ukongiwa okungaphezulu kwe-10% kumbane kunye ne-30% yegesi yendalo.
Imimiselo karhulumente waseJamani malunga nokongiwa kwamandla ibeka isakhelo esisisiseko soku.Ngaphantsi kwale mimiselo, abanini bezindlu kufuneka baphucule iinkqubo zokufudumeza igesi kwizakhiwo zabo kwaye baqhube uhlolo olubanzi lokufudumala.Ukongeza, bobabini abanini-mhlaba kunye nabaqeshi kufuneka banciphise ukusebenza kweenkqubo zentengiso yangaphandle kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa, baqinisekise ukuba indawo yeofisi ilayitiwe kuphela ngexesha leeyure zokusebenza, kwaye banciphise ubushushu kwindawo ukuya kumaxabiso avunyelwe ngumthetho.
Ukongezelela, akuvumelekanga ukugcina iingcango zeevenkile zivulekile ngamaxesha onke ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukungena komoya wangaphandle.Iivenkile ezininzi ziye zanciphisa ngokuzithandela iiyure zokuvula ukuze zithobele imimiselo.
Ukongeza, urhulumente uzimisele ukusabela kule ngxubakaxaka ngokuthoba amaxabiso ukuqala kule nyanga.Oku kunciphisa amaxabiso egesi nawombane ukuya kutsho kwisixa esithile esimiselweyo.Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina inkuthazo yokusebenzisa amandla amancinci, abathengi baya kuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu kuqala, kwaye emva koko baya kuxhaswa.Ukongeza, oomatshini bombane benyukliya ebekufanele ukuba bavalwe ngoku baza kuqhubeka nokusebenza de kube ngu-Epreli ka-2023, ngaloo ndlela befumana umbane.
Kwingxaki yamandla yangoku, iFransi igxininise ekufundiseni amashishini kunye nemizi malunga nendlela yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye negesi.Urhulumente waseFransi uyalele ilizwe ukuba lilumke ngakumbi malunga nokuba liyisebenzisa njani kwaye nini amandla ukuthintela ukucuthwa kwegesi okanye umbane.
Esikhundleni sokubeka imida yokwenyani kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngamashishini kunye nemizi, urhulumente uzama ukubanceda ukuba basebenzise amandla ngobulumko kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ngelixa benciphisa iindleko zamandla.
Urhulumente waseFransi ukwabonelela ngoncedo lwezemali, ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezincinci, ezithi zidlulele kwiinkampani ezisebenzisa amandla amakhulu.
Olunye uncedo lunikezelwe kumakhaya amaFrentshi ukunceda abantu ukuba bahlawule amatyala abo ombane - naluphi na usapho olukuluhlu oluthile lomvuzo lufumana olu ncedo ngokuzenzekelayo.Ngokomzekelo, kwanikelwa uncedo olongezelelekileyo kwabo bafuna imoto yomsebenzi.
Ngokubanzi, urhulumente waseFransi akazange athathe isikhundla esitsha esomeleleyo kwingxaki yamandla, njengoko imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo iye yapasiswa ukuphucula amandla okusebenza kwezakhiwo.Oku kuquka ukuvalwa kokuhlala kwizakhiwo kwixesha elizayo ngabaqeshi ukuba abafikeleli kumlinganiselo othile wamandla.
Ingxaki yamandla ayiyona nje ingxaki kurhulumente waseFransi, kodwa nakwiinkampani, ngokukodwa xa kunikezelwa ngokubaluleka okukhulayo kweenjongo ze-ESG abazibekele zona.EFransi, iinkampani zizama ukufumana iindlela zokwandisa amandla okusebenza (kunye nenzuzo), kodwa zisazimisele ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nangona kungenandleko kubo.
Oku kubandakanya iinkampani ezizama ukufumana iindlela zokuphinda zisebenzise ubushushu benkunkuma, okanye abaqhubi beziko ledatha abapholisa iiseva ukuya kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi emva kokuba bezimisele ukuba bangasebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.Silindele ukuba olu tshintsho luqhubeke lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa xa kunikwa iindleko eziphezulu zamandla kunye nokubaluleka okukhulayo kwe-ESG.
I-US ijongana nengxaki yayo yamandla ngokunikezela ikhefu lerhafu kubanini bezakhiwo ukufaka kunye nokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo.Owona mthetho ubalulekileyo kulo mba nguMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lentengo, oya kuthi, xa wapasiswa ngo-2022, ibe lolona tyalo-mali lukhulu olwakha lwenziwa yi-United States kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.I-US iqikelela ukuba i-IRA iya kubonelela malunga nama-370 eebhiliyoni zeerandi (iibhiliyoni ezingama-306 zeerandi) kuvuselelo.
Eyona inkuthazo ibalulekileyo kubanini zakhiwo zezi (i) irhafu yotyalo-mali lwetyala kunye (ii) netyala lerhafu yemveliso, zombini zisebenza kwiipropati zorhwebo nezokuhlala.
I-ITC ikhuthaza utyalo-mali kwi-real estate, ilanga, umoya kunye nezinye iindlela zamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokusebenzisa imali-mboleko yexesha elinye enikezelweyo xa iiprojekthi ezinxulumeneyo ziqala ukusebenza.Isiseko sekhredithi ye-ITC silingana ne-6% yexabiso lesiseko somhlawuli werhafu kwipropati efanelekayo, kodwa inokunyuka ukuya kwi-30% ukuba imida ethile yokufundela umsebenzi kunye nemigangatho yemivuzo ekhoyo idibene nokwakhiwa, ukulungiswa okanye ukuphuculwa kweprojekthi.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-PTC yimali-mboleko ye-10 yeminyaka yokuvelisa umbane ohlaziyekayo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.
Isiseko sekhredithi ye-PTC ilingana ne-kWh evelisiweyo kwaye ithengiswe iphindaphindwe nge-factor ye-0.03 ye-$ (£0.02) elungelelaniselwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.I-PTC inokuphinda-phindwe ngesi-5 ukuba ezi mfuno zingasentla zokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kunye neemfuneko zomvuzo ezikhoyo ziyahlangatyezwa.
Ezi nkuthazo zinokuncediswa ngetyala elongezelelweyo le-10% yerhafu kwiindawo ngokwembali ezinxulumene neziza zokuvelisa amandla angahlaziyekiyo, njengamasimi amadala, iindawo ezisebenzisa okanye ezifumana ingeniso yerhafu ebalulekileyo evela kwimithombo yamandla angahlaziyekiyo, nalapho kuvalwe imigodi yamalahle.Iimali-mboleko "zomvuzo" ezongezelelweyo zinokudityaniswa kwiprojekthi, njenge-10 pesenti ye-ITC mboleko yeeprojekthi zomoya kunye nelanga ezihlala kwiindawo ezinengeniso ephantsi okanye imihlaba yezizwe.
Kwiindawo zokuhlala, ii-IRAs zikwajolise ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla ukunciphisa imfuno yamandla.Umzekelo, abaphuhlisi bezindlu banokufumana imali-mboleko ye-$2,500 ukuya kwi-5,000 yeedola ngeyunithi nganye ethengisiweyo okanye erentwayo.
Ukusuka kwiiprojekthi zoshishino ukuya kwiindawo zorhwebo kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala, i-IRA ikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweziseko ezitsha zamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa inkuthazo yerhafu.
Njengoko sibona amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele ephumeza imithetho engqongqo ngokunyukayo kwaye ezama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ingxaki yangoku yamandla ibonise ukubaluleka kwala manyathelo.Ngoku lelona xesha libalulekileyo kushishino lwezindlu nomhlaba ukuba luqhubeke nemizamo yalo kwaye lubonise ubunkokeli kulo mba.
Ukuba ungathanda ukwazi ukuba iLexology inokuqhubela phambili njani isicwangciso sakho sokuthengisa umxholo, nceda uthumele i-imeyile ku- [i-imeyile ekhuselweyo].
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2023