Njenge "superstar" yoshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium ukususela ngo-2021, ixabiso le-lithium carbonate liye laguquguquka kakhulu kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.Yakhe yafikelela phezulu kwaye yasinga kwixabiso le-600,000 yuan/toni.Imfuno kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2023 nayo Ngexesha lokusela, yawela kwi-170,000 yuan / ton.Kwangaxeshanye, njengoko ikamva le-lithium carbonate sele liza kuqaliswa, i-SMM iya kubonelela abafundi ngophononongo olubanzi lwe-lithium industry chain overview, ukuphela komthombo, ukuphela kokunyibilikisa, ukuphela kwemfuno, unikezelo kunye nepateni yemfuno, ifom yokusayina iodolo kunye nendlela yokubeka amaxabiso. kweli nqaku.
Isishwankathelo sekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium:
Njengesixhobo sentsimbi esinobunzima beathom encinci, i-lithium inomthamo omkhulu wentlawulo kunye ne-helium ezinzileyo yohlobo lwe-electron kabini.Inomsebenzi onamandla kakhulu we-electrochemical kwaye inokusabela kunye nezinye izinto ukwenza iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo.Yimathiriyeli egqwesileyo yokuvelisa iibhetri.Eyona khetho.Kwi-chain industry ye-lithium, i-upstream iquka i-lithium mineral resources ezifana ne-spodumene, i-lepidolite, kunye ne-salt lake brine.Emva kokuba izibonelelo ze-lithium zikhutshwe, zinokucutshungulwa kwikhonkco nganye ukuvelisa i-lithium salts eziphambili, i-secondary / multiple lithium salts, i-Lithium yensimbi kunye nezinye iindlela zeemveliso.Iimveliso ezikwinqanaba lokuqala lokucutshungulwa ziquka iityuwa eziphambili ze-lithium ezifana ne-lithium carbonate, i-lithium hydroxide, kunye ne-lithium chloride;ukuqhubekeka phambili kunokuvelisa iimveliso ze-lithium yesibini okanye ezininzi ezifana ne-lithium iron phosphate, i-lithium cobalt oxide, i-lithium hexafluorophosphate, kunye ne-metallic lithium.Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-lithium zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezikhulayo ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium, iiseramikhi, iglasi, i-alloys, igrisi, iifriji, amayeza, ishishini lenyukliya kunye ne-optoelectronics.
Isiphelo somthombo weLithium:
Ngokombono weentlobo zezixhobo ze-lithium, zinokuhlulwa zibe yimigca emibini ephambili: izinto eziphambili kunye nezinto ezihlaziyiweyo.Phakathi kwabo, izibonelelo ze-lithium zezinto eziluhlaza zikhoyo ikakhulu kwi-salt lake brine, i-spodumene kunye ne-lepidolite.Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphinda zifumane izixhobo ze-lithium ngokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium esele zidla umhlala-phantsi kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Ukuqala kwindlela yempahla ekrwada, ukuxinana kokuhanjiswa kwemithombo yovimba ye-lithium iyonke kuphezulu.Ngokwedatha yamva nje ekhutshwe yi-USGS, oovimba bemithombo ye-lithium yehlabathi bebonke bebonke bangama-22 ezigidi zeetoni zelithium yentsimbi elinganayo.Phakathi kwabo, amazwe amahlanu aphezulu kwimithombo yehlabathi ye-lithium yi-Chile, i-Australia, i-Argentina, i-China, kunye ne-United States, i-accounting ye-87% iyonke, kunye ne-akhawunti yaseChina ye-7%.
Ukwahlula ngakumbi iintlobo zemithombo, amachibi etyuwa ngoku angowona mthombo uphambili wemithombo ye-lithium kwihlabathi, isasazwa ikakhulu eChile, eArgentina, eChina nakwezinye iindawo;imigodi ye-spodumene isasazwa kakhulu e-Australia, eKhanada, e-United States, e-China nakwezinye iindawo, kwaye ukugxininiswa kokunikezelwa kwemithombo kuphantsi kunechibi letyuwa kwaye luhlobo lobutyebi kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokurhweba kwe-lithium extraction ngoku;Oovimba bemithombo ye-lepidolite bancinci kwaye bagxile eJiangxi, eTshayina.
Ukuqwalasela kwimveliso yezixhobo ze-lithium, isiphumo esipheleleyo semithombo ye-lithium yehlabathi kwi-2022 iya kuba yi-840,000 yeetoni ze-LCE.Kulindeleke ukuba kuphunyezwe iqondo lokukhula ngonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-21% ukusuka ku-2023 ukuya ku-2026, lifikelele kwi-2.56 yezigidi zeetoni ze-LCE ngo-2026. Ngokubhekiselele kumazwe, i-CR3 yi-Australia, i-Chile, ne-China, i-akhawunti ye-86% iyonke, ebonisa. iqondo eliphezulu lokugxila.
Ngokumalunga neentlobo zemathiriyeli ekrwada, ipyroxene iya kuhlala ilolona hlobo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kwixesha elizayo.Ichibi leTyuwa lolona hlobo lwesibini ngobukhulu, kwaye i-mica isadlala indima eyongezelelweyo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kuya kubakho i-wave of scrapping emva kwe-2022. Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwenkunkuma phakathi kwemveliso kunye nokuchithwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nokuphumelela kwi-recycling ye-lithium extraction technology, kuya kukhulisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo kokuphinda kusetyenziswe umthamo we-lithium extraction.Kulindeleke ukuba izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziya kufikelela kwi-8% kwi-2026. Umlinganiselo we-lithium resource supply.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Isiphelo sokunyibilikiswa kweLithium:
I-China lilizwe elinemveliso ephezulu yokunyibilikisa i-lithium emhlabeni.Ukujonga kumaphondo, iindawo zokuvelisa i-lithium carbonate zaseChina zisekelwe ikakhulu ekusasazweni kwezibonelelo kunye namashishini okunyibilikisa.Amaphondo emveliso aphambili yiJiangxi, Sichuan kunye neQinghai.I-Jiangxi yiphondo elinokusasazwa kwemithombo ye-lepidolite enkulu e-China, kwaye inamandla okuvelisa iinkampani ezincibilikayo eziyaziwayo ezifana ne-Ganfeng Lithium Industry, evelisa i-lithium carbonate kunye ne-lithium hydroxide ngokusebenzisa i-spodumene evela ngaphandle;I-Sichuan liphondo elinokusasazwa kwemithombo ye-pyroxene enkulu e-China, kwaye inoxanduva lokuvelisa i-hydroxide.Iziko lemveliso yeLithium.IQinghai lelona phondo likhulu letyuwa echibini le-lithium yokutsalwa kwe-lithium.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Ngokweenkampani, ngokwe-lithium carbonate, isiphumo esipheleleyo kwi-2022 siya kuba neetoni ezingama-350,000, apho iinkampani ze-CR10 zibalelwa kwi-69%, kwaye iphethini yokuvelisa igxininiswe.Phakathi kwabo, iJiangxi Zhicun Lithium Industry ineyona mveliso inkulu, ibalelwa kwi-9% yemveliso yayo.Akukho nkokheli yodwa kushishino.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Ngokumalunga ne-lithium hydroxide, isiphumo esipheleleyo kwi-2022 siya kuba neetoni ezingama-243,000, apho iinkampani ze-CR10 zibalelwa kwi-74%, kwaye iphethini yokuvelisa igxininiswe ngakumbi kune-lithium carbonate.Phakathi kwabo, i-Ganfeng Lithium Industry, inkampani enemveliso enkulu, i-akhawunti ye-24% yesiphumo esipheleleyo, kwaye umphumo okhokelayo uyabonakala.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Icala lemfuno yeLithium:
Imfuno yokusetyenziswa kweLithium inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu: ishishini lebhetri ye-lithium kunye namashishini emveli.Ngokukhula okugqabhukileyo kwamandla kunye nemfuno yokugcina amandla kwimarike ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ubungakanani bemfuno yebhetri ye-lithium ekusetyenzisweni kwe-lithium iyonke inyuka unyaka nonyaka.Ngokwezibalo ze-SMM, phakathi kwe-2016 kunye ne-2022, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwe-lithium carbonate kwintsimi yebhetri ye-lithium yonyuka ukusuka kwi-78% ukuya kwi-93%, ngelixa i-lithium hydroxide igxuma ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-1% ukuya phantse kwi-95% +.Ukusuka kumbono wentengiso, imfuno iyonke kwishishini lebhetri ye-lithium iqhutywa ikakhulu ziimarike ezinkulu ezintathu zamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa:
Imakethi yamandla: Iqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo yokufakelwa kombane yehlabathi, inguqu yenkampani yeemoto kunye nemfuno yentengiso, imfuno yentengiso yamandla iya kufezekisa ukukhula okuqhushumbayo ngo-2021-2022, kubalwa ukongamela ngokupheleleyo kwimfuno yebhetri ye-lithium, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kugcinwe ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwixesha elide..
Imarike yokugcina amandla: Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zezinto ezifana nengxaki yamandla kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe, iimarike ezinkulu ezintathu zaseTshayina, eYurophu, naseUnited States ziya kusebenzisana kwaye ziya kuba yindawo yesibini enkulu yokukhula kwemfuno yebhetri ye-lithium.
Imakethi yabathengi: Imakethi iyonke iya igcwele, kwaye isantya sokukhula kwexesha elide kulindeleke ukuba sibephantsi.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Ngokubanzi, imfuno yebhetri ye-lithium iya kunyuka nge-52% ngonyaka-ngonyaka ngo-2022, kwaye iya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokukhula lonyaka le-35% ukusuka ku-2022 ukuya ku-2026, eya kwandisa ngakumbi isabelo sebhethri ye-lithium yemfuno ye-lithium. .Ngokubhekiselele kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, imarike yokugcina amandla inezinga eliphezulu lokukhula.Imakethi yamandla iyaqhubeka nokukhula njengoko izithuthi zamandla amatsha ehlabathi ziqhubeka nokuphuhlisa.Imakethi yabathengi ikakhulu ixhomekeke ekukhuleni kwezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini kunye neemveliso ezintsha zabathengi ezinje nge-drones, i-e-cigarettes, kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo.Izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo ngonyaka li-8% kuphela.
Ngokombono weenkampani ezithe ngqo zabathengi be-lithium salts, ngokwe-lithium carbonate, imfuno epheleleyo kwi-2022 iya kuba yi-510,000 tons.Iinkampani zabathengi zigxile kakhulu kwiinkampani zezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate cathode kunye neenkampani ze-nickel ternary cathode ephakathi kunye nephantsi, kwaye iinkampani ezisezantsi zigxile ekusebenziseni.Isidanga siphantsi, apho i-CR12 ithatha i-44%, enefuthe eliqinileyo lomsila omde kunye nepateni ehlakazekileyo.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Ngokumalunga ne-lithium hydroxide, ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-2022 kuya kuba ngama-140,000 tons.Ukuxinwa kweenkampani zabathengi ezisezantsi kuphezulu kakhulu kune-lithium carbonate.I-CR10 yenza i-87%.Ipateni igxininiswe.Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko iinkampani zemathiriyeli ze-ternary cathode ziya kuqhubela phambili Nge-nicklization ephezulu, ukuxinana kweshishini kulindeleke ukuba kwehle.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Ubonelelo lwezibonelelo zeLithium kunye nesakhiwo semfuno:
Ukususela kumbono obanzi wokubonelela kunye nemfuno, i-lithium ngokwenene igqibe umjikelo phakathi kwe-2015 kunye ne-2019. Ukususela kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-2017, imfuno entsha yamandla iphumelele ukukhula okukhawulezayo okukhuthazwa yinkxaso-mali karhulumente.Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokukhula kwemithombo ye-lithium ayizange ikhawuleze njengoko imfuno, ibangele ukungafani phakathi kokubonelela kunye nemfuno.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba inkxaso-mali karhulumente yehla ngo-2019, imfuno yokugcina iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iiprojekthi zezibonelelo zeLithium zakwangoko ziye zafikelela ngokuthe ngcembe kumthamo wemveliso, kwaye i-lithium ingene ngokusemthethweni kumjikelo we-surplus.Ngeli xesha, iinkampani ezininzi zemigodi zibhengeze ukuba zibhangile, kwaye ishishini liqalise uhlengahlengiso.
Lo mjikelo weshishini uqala ekupheleni kuka-2020:
I-2021-2022: Imfuno ye-terminal iqhuma ngokukhawuleza, yenza ukungafani kunye nokunikezelwa kwemithombo ye-lithium ephezulu.Ukususela ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2022, ezinye iiprojekthi zemigodi ye-lithium eziye zanqunyanyiswa kumjikelo wokugqibela we-surplus ziya kuqaliswa kwakhona emva komnye, kodwa kusekho ukunqongophala okukhulu.Ngelo xesha, eli xesha laliyisigaba xa amaxabiso e-lithium enyuka ngokukhawuleza.
I-2023-2024: Ukuqaliswa kwakhona kweeprojekthi zemveliso + iiprojekthi ezisanda kwakhiwa kwindawo eluhlaza kulindeleke ukuba zifikelele kwimveliso ngokulandelelana phakathi kwe-2023 kunye ne-2024. intsalela yezibonelelo iya kufikelela incopho yayo ngo-2024.
I-2025-2026: Izinga lokukhula kwezixhobo ze-lithium ezinyukayo zingacotha ngenxa ye-surplus eqhubekayo.Icala lemfuno liya kuqhutywa yintsimi yokugcina amandla, kwaye i-surplus iya kuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Imeko yokutyikitya ityuwa yeLithium kunye neendlela zokuhlala
Iindlela zokusayinwa komyalelo wetyuwa ye-lithium ikakhulu zibandakanya ii-odolo zexesha elide kunye nemiyalelo ye-zero.Iiodolo zero zingachazwa njengorhwebo oluguquguqukayo.Amaqela arhwebayo awavumelani ngeemveliso zokurhweba, izixa, kunye neendlela zokubeka amaxabiso kwixesha elithile, kwaye aqonde iikowuti ezizimeleyo;phakathi kwabo, ii-odolo zexesha elide zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu:
Ifomula yokutshixa umthamo: Umthamo wonikezelo kunye nendlela yexabiso lokuhlaliswa kuvunyelwene kwangaphambili.Ixabiso lokuhlalisa liya kusekelwa kwixabiso eliphakathi (SMM) lenyanga yeqonga leqela lesithathu, elongezelelweyo yi-coefficient yohlengahlengiso, ukufezekisa ukuhlaliswa okusekelwe kwimarike kunye nokuguquguquka okuphakathi.
Ukutshixa umthamo kunye nokutshixa ixabiso: Umthamo wokubonelela kunye nexabiso lokuhlalisa kuvunyelwene kwangaphambili, kwaye ixabiso lokuhlalisa lizinzile kumjikelo wokuhlaliswa kwexesha elizayo.Emva kokuba ixabiso livaliwe, aliyi kuguqulwa kwixesha elizayo / emva kokuba kuqhutywe uhlengahlengiso, umthengi kunye nomthengisi baya kuphinda bavumelane ngexabiso elimiselweyo, elinokuguquguquka okuphantsi.
Ubungakanani bokutshixa kuphela: yenza kuphela isivumelwano somlomo/esibhaliweyo malunga nobungakanani bobonelelo, kodwa akukho sivumelwano sangaphambili malunga nendlela yokuhlawula amaxabiso eempahla, ebhetyebhetye kakhulu.
Phakathi kuka-2021 kunye no-2022, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubukhali kwexabiso, ipateni yokusayina kunye nendlela yokubeka amaxabiso eetyuwa ze-lithium nazo zitshintsha ngokuzolileyo.Ngokombono weendlela zokusayina isivumelwano, ngo-2022, iipesenti ezingama-40 zeenkampani ziya kusebenzisa indlela yokubeka amaxabiso evala kuphela umthamo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba unikezelo kwimarike ye-lithium luqinile kwaye amaxabiso aphezulu.Ukuze kukhuselwe inzuzo, iinkampani ezinyibilikisayo zidla ngokuthatha indlela yokutshixa umthamo kodwa hayi ixabiso;kwixesha elizayo, Jonga, njengoko unikezelo kunye nemfuno ibuyela kwingqiqo, abathengi kunye nabathengisi baye baba ngamabango aphambili okubonelela kunye nokuzinza kwexabiso.Kulindeleke ukuba umlinganiselo womthamo wexesha elide wokutshixa kunye nokutshixa ifomula (enxulunyaniswa nexabiso le-SMM lithium ityuwa ukuphumeza uqhagamshelwano lwefomula) iya kunyuka.
Ngokombono wabathengi betyuwa ye-lithium, ngaphezu kokuthengwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkampani eziphathekayo, ukunyuka kwabathengi betyuwa ye-lithium kwiinkampani ze-terminal (ibhetri, iinkampani zeemoto, kunye nezinye iinkampani zemigodi yesinyithi) ziphucule zonke iintlobo zeenkampani zokuthenga.Ukuqwalasela ukuba abadlali abatsha kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo Uzinzo lwexesha elide loshishino kunye nokuqhelana namaxabiso eentsimbi ezivuthiweyo kulindeleke ukuba kube nempembelelo ethile kwindlela yokubeka amaxabiso kushishino.Umlinganiselo wemodeli yexabiso lefomula yokutshixa umthamo wexesha elide unyukile.
Konke malunga ne-lithium!Umbono opheleleyo wekhonkco loshishino lwe-lithium
Ukusuka kumbono jikelele, kwitsheyini yoshishino lwe-lithium, ixabiso letyuwa ye-lithium liye laba yindawo yexabiso le-chain chain chain, ukukhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwamaxabiso kunye neendleko phakathi kwamakhonkco ahlukeneyo amashishini.Ukuyijonga kumacandelo:
I-Lithium Ore - Ityuwa yeLithium: Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso letyuwa ye-lithium, i-lithium ore inexabiso elijikelezayo ngokwabelana ngenzuzo.
I-Precursor - ikhonkco ye-cathode: Ukubethelela ixabiso letyuwa ye-lithium kunye nezinye iityuwa zetsimbi, kunye nokuphindaphinda ngokusetyenziswa kweyunithi kunye ne-coefficient yesaphulelo ukufezekisa ukuhlaziywa kwexabiso.
I-electrode elungileyo - iseli yebhetri: iqinisa ixabiso letyuwa yentsimbi kwaye iphinda-phindwe ngokusetyenziswa kweyunithi kunye nesaphulelo se-coefficient ukufezekisa uhlaziyo lonxibelelwano lwexabiso.
Iseli yebhetri - i-OEM / umhlanganisi: Ukwahlula ixabiso le-cathode / ityuwa ye-lithium (ityuwa ye-lithium yenye yezinto eziphambili kwi-cathode).Ezinye izinto eziphambili zisebenzisa indlela yexabiso elimiselweyo.Ngokokuguquguquka kwexabiso letyuwa ye-lithium, indlela yembuyekezo yexabiso isayiniwe., ukufezekisa ukulungiswa konxibelelwano lwexabiso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-06-2023