Igama elithi "ibhetri" liye lavela ngokuhamba kwexesha ukubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweentsingiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa.Ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwayo okokuqala emkhosini ukuya kwitekhnoloji yanamhlanje kunye nezicelo zokugcina amandla, umbono weebhetri wenze utshintsho olukhulu.Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga intsingiselo yakudala yebhetri kunye nendlela eguquke ngayo ekuqondweni kwangoku kwegama, ngakumbi kumxholo wogcino lwamandla kunye nobuchwepheshe.
intsingiselo endala yebhetri
Intsingiselo yakudala yebhetri ibuyele emva kwenkulungwane ye-16 kwaye yayinxulunyaniswa kakhulu namaqhinga omkhosi kunye nemfazwe.Kulo mongo, ibhetri ibhekisa kwiqela leentsimbi ezinzima ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlasela iinqaba okanye izikhundla zotshaba.Le mipu idla ngokucwangciswa ngokulandelelana okanye iqoqo, kwaye i-firepower yabo edibeneyo inokuhambisa amagobolondo atshabalalisayo.Igama elithi "ibhetri" lithatyathwe kwigama lesiFrentshi elithi "ibhetri," elithetha "isenzo sokubetha."
Ukongeza ekusebenziseni kwayo kwiimeko zomkhosi, igama elithi "ibhetri" linentsingiselo esemthethweni.Kumthetho oqhelekileyo wesiNgesi, ukubetha kukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungekho mthethweni komnye umntu, kubangela ukwenzakala emzimbeni okanye ukwenzakala.Le nkcazelo yohlaselo isaqatshelwa kwiinkqubo zomthetho zanamhlanje kwaye isoloko inxulunyaniswa neengqikelelo ezibanzi zohlaselo kunye nebhetri.
Ukuvela kweteknoloji yebhetri
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bebhetri ibe luhambo olumangalisayo, kunye nenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yokugcina amandla kunye nokuveliswa.Ngelixa intsingiselo yantlandlolo yebhetri yayisekelwe kwimfazwe kunye namandla omzimba, eli gama liye landiswa ukugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ngakumbi kwindawo yokugcina amandla ombane.
Ibhetri yanamhlanje, njengoko sisazi namhlanje, sisixhobo esigcina amandla ekhemikhali kwaye siwaguqule abe ngamandla ombane ngokusabela kweekhemikhali ezilawulwayo.La mandla agciniweyo angasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwii-elektroniki ezincinci ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla egridi.
Ukuphuhliswa kwebhetri yokuqala yokwenyani kubalelwa kwisazinzulu saseItali u-Alessandro Volta, owasungula ibhetri yevoltaic ngo-1800. Le bhetri yangaphambili yayiquka iidiski ezitshintshanayo ze-zinc kunye neediski zobhedu ezahlulwe ngekhadibhodi efakwe emanzini anetyuwa, esebenza njenge-electrolyte.Ingqumba yevoltaic yayisisixhobo sokuqala esikwaziyo ukuvelisa umsinga wombane oqhubekayo, ephawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yobuchwepheshe bebhetri.
Ukususela kumsebenzi wobuvulindlela kaVolta, iteknoloji yebhetri iqhubekile nokuguquka, ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri, kubandakanywa i-lead-asidi, i-nickel-cadmium, i-lithium-ion kwaye, kutshanje, iibhetri eziqinileyo.Ezi nkqubela phambili zenze ukuba kuxhaphake ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, izithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ahlaziyekayo, ziguqula indlela esiphatha ngayo ihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Indima yeebhetri kuluntu lwanamhlanje
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje eliqhagamshelene neliqhutywa yitekhnoloji, iibhetri zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikeni amandla izixhobo neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.Ukusuka kwii-smartphones kunye neelaptops ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, iibhetri ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Esinye sezicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zeebhetri kuluntu lwanamhlanje kwintsimi yokugcina amandla avuselelekayo.Njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kumhlaba ozinzileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwamandla, imfuno yezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokugcina amandla iya ibaluleke kakhulu.Iibhetri, ngokukodwa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekudityanisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukugcina amandla angaphezulu avela kwimithombo efana nelanga kunye nomoya.
Izithuthi zombane (EVs) yenye indawo enkulu apho iibhetri ziqhuba utshintsho olukhulu.Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweemoto zombane kunye neebhasi kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwenkqubo ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nebhetri ehlala ixesha elide.Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri inyuse ingxinano yamandla, isantya sokutshaja kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi, ukwenza izithuthi zombane zibe yindlela esebenzayo nenomtsalane kuneenjini zokutsha zemveli zangaphakathi.
Ukongeza kwi-electronics yabathengi kunye nokuthutha, iibhetri zidlala indima ephambili ekuxhaseni i-off-grid kunye neenkqubo zamandla ezikude.Kwiindawo ezinokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kumbane othembekileyo wegridi, iibhetri zibonelela ngendlela yokugcina amandla ukuze asetyenziswe ngexesha eliphantsi okanye elingekho ilanga okanye umoya.Oku kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokufakelwa kombane emaphandleni, kwiinzame zongxamiseko nakwiinzame zokunceda kwiintlekele.
Imingeni yeteknoloji yebhetri kunye namathuba
Ngelixa inkqubela kubuchwepheshe bebhetri inika umdla, kusekho imingeni ekusafuneka iqwalaselwe ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kwebhetri, ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo.Omnye wemingeni ephambili kukuthembela kwizinto ezinqongopheleyo kunye nezobume bendalo ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-lithium ekuveliseni iibhetri ze-lithium-ion.Ukutsalwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwezi mathiriyeli kunokuba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo, nto leyo ebangela imfuneko yozinzo lweendlela zokufumana izinto ezisesikweni.
Omnye umceli mngeni kukuhlaziya ibhetri kunye nolawulo lokuphela kobomi.Njengoko imfuno yeebhetri iqhubeleka ukukhula, ngokunjalo nenani leebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ekufuneka zihlaziywe okanye zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokurisayikilisha ezisebenzayo nezingabizi kakhulu kubalulekile ekucutheni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkunkuma yebhetri nokubuyisela imathiriyeli exabisekileyo ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe.
Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, kukho amathuba abalulekileyo eteknoloji yebhetri.Uphando kunye neenzame zophuhliso zijolise ekuphuculeni ubuninzi bamandla, ubomi bomjikelezo kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri, kunye nokuhlola ezinye izinto kunye neekhemistri ezibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.Umzekelo, iibhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo zimela indlela ethembisayo yezixhobo zokugcina amandla kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, enika amandla aphezulu aphezulu, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zelithium-ion zemveli.
Ikamva lobuchwepheshe bebhetri
Ukujonga phambili, ikamva letekhnoloji yebhetri linesithembiso esikhulu sokuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili.Imfuno yezisombululo zokugcina amandla iyaqhubeka ikhula, iqhutywa yinguqu kumandla avuselelekayo kunye nokufakelwa kombane wezothutho, nto leyo i-push eyomeleleyo ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yebhetri esebenzayo, ezinzileyo kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo.
Kwintsimi yezithuthi zombane, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye neenzame zophuhliso zijolise ekunyuseni ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri, ukunciphisa amaxesha okutshaja kunye nokwandisa ubomi bebhetri.Le nkqubela phambili ibalulekile ekukhawuleziseni ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokusombulula imiba enxulumene noluhlu lwamaxhala kunye neziseko zokutshaja.
Kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezifana neebhetri zesikali segridi kunye nezisombululo zokugcina ezisasazwayo ziya kudlala indima ephambili ekuvumeleni ukuthunyelwa okungenamthungo kunye nokuthembekileyo kwelanga, umoya kunye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelwe ngamaxesha.Ngokubonelela ngendlela yokugcina amandla angaphezulu kunye nokubonelela xa kuyimfuneko, iibhetri zinokunceda ukulungelelanisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno, ukuphucula uzinzo lwegridi, kunye nokuxhasa ukutshintshela kwinkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo kunye neyomelele.
Ngaphaya koko, ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji yebhetri kunye nedijithali kunye nezisombululo zegridi ezihlakaniphile zibonelela ngamathuba amatsha okuphucula ulawulo lwamandla, impendulo yemfuno kunye nokuguquguquka kwegridi.Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula eziphambili kunye nohlalutyo oluqikelelweyo, iibhetri zinokudityaniswa kuthungelwano lwamandla ahlakaniphileyo ukuphendula ngokuguquguqukayo kwiimeko eziguqukayo kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Isishwankathelo, intsingiselo yakudala yebhetri njengexesha lomkhosi iye yavela kwingqiqo yanamhlanje equka ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.Ingqikelelo yeebhetri isuka emfazweni nakumandla omzimba kwaye iguquke yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu lwangoku, ivumela ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwee-elektroniki eziphathwayo, izithuthi zombane, kunye neenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo.Ukukhangela phambili, ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwiteknoloji yebhetri kubambe isithembiso esikhulu sokusombulula imingeni yokugcina amandla, ukuzinza kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo, ukuvula indlela yekamva elisebenzayo, elinokuqina kunye nelizinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-23-2024